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Table 2 Dietary factors that were significantly associated with toenail arsenic concentration (bold) a : Q-values ≤ 0.05 are noted with a * next to the P value

From: Associations between toenail arsenic concentration and dietary factors in a New Hampshire population

Variable

Regression slopes

 

Crude (n = 920)

Adjusteda (n = 914)

 

β (95% CI)

P value

β (95% CI)

P value

% changeb Q1-Q3 males

% changec Q1-Q3 females

A. Negative associations

Dietary lipids

 Total fat (g)

-1.5E-03 (-3.0E-03, 3.5E-05)

0.056

-5.8E-03 (-8.4E-03, -3.2E-03)

<0.001*

-20.6

-16.4

 Animal fat (g)

-1.8E-03 (-4.2E-03, 5.7E-04)

0.14

-4.2E-03 (-7.2E-03, -1.2E-03)

0.006

-9.3

-7.1

 Vegetable fat (g)

-2.4E-03 (-5.1E-03, 3.0E-04)

0.081

-4.9E-03 (-8.5E-03, -1.3E-03)

0.008

-10.6

-8.7

 Total unsaturated fat

 Total monounsaturated fat (g)

-3.6E-03 (-7.4E-03, 1.0E-04)

0.057

-1.2E-02 (-1.8E-02, -5.6E-03)

<0.001*

-17.0

-14.1

  Palmitoleic fatty acid (g)

-4.4E-02 (-1.1E-01, 2.1E-02)

0.18

-1.0E-01 (-1.8E-01, -1.9E-02)

0.016

-8.1

-6.8

  Oleic fatty acid (g)

-4.2E-03 (-8.3E-03, -7.6E-05)

0.046

-1.3E-02 (-2.0E-02, -6.4E-03)

<0.001*

-17.1

-13.5

  Total polyunsaturated fat (g)

-5.5E-03 (-1.3E-02, 2.1E-03)

0.16

-1.8E-02 (-2.9E-02, -7.3E-03)

0.001*

-13.2

-10.2

  Total n-6 fatty acidsd (g)

-6.1E-03 (-1.4E-02, 2.2E-03)

0.15

-1.8E-02 (-2.9E-02, -6.5E-03)

0.002*

-11.7

-9.7

  Linoleic fatty acid (g)

-7.1E-03 (-1.6E-02, 1.6E-03)

0.11

-2.0E-02 (-3.2E-02, -8.7E-03)

<0.001*

-13.0

-10.2

  Linolenic fatty acid (g)

-3.8E-02 (-1.2E-01, 4.1E-02)

0.35

-1.6E-01 (-2.7E-01, -5.4E-02)

0.003*

-10.8

-9.3

  Arachadonic fatty acid (g)

-4.3E-01 (-1.1E + 00, 2.1E-01)

0.19

-6.8E-01 (-1.3E + 00, -4.0E-02)

0.037

-5.3

-4.7

 Total saturated fat (g)

-3.5E-03 (-7.5E-03, 4.8E-04)

0.084

-1.0E-02 (-1.6E-02, -4.5E-03)

<0.001*

-13.4

-10.8

  Lauric fatty acid (g)

-1.2E-01 (-2.3E-01, -4.5E-04)

0.049

-1.7E-01 (-2.9E-01, -4.8E-02)

0.006

-6.5

-5.1

  Palmitic fatty acid (g)

-6.7E-03 (-1.4E-02, 8.2E-04)

0.081

-2.2E-02 (-3.4E-02, -1.1E-02)

<0.001*

-15.5

-12.8

  Stearic fatty acid (g)

-1.8E-02 (-3.3E-02, -3.0E-03)

0.018

-4.3E-02 (-6.5E-02, -2.1E-02

<0.001*

-15.6

-12.8

 Steroid

  Cholesterol (mg)

-2.9E-04 (-6.3E-04, 3.9E-05)

0.084

-5.0E-04 (-8.7E-04, -1.4E-04)

0.007

-7.3

-6.2

Protein

 Animal protein (g)

-7.3E-04 (-2.7E-03, 1.3E-03)

0.47

-2.6E-03 (-5.0E-03, -1.5E-04)

0.037

-6.6

-6.4

Vitamins

 Retinole (IU)

-3.2E-05 (-5.7E-05, -7.3E-06)

0.011

-2.9E-05 (-5.2E-05, -6.1E-06)

0.013

-3.8

-3.2

 Vitamin B12e (μg)

-8.5E-03 (-1.6E-02, -1.1E-03)

0.024

-7.6E-03 (-1.5E-02, -5.2E-04)

0.035

-3.1

-2.3

Plant-compounds

 Beta cryptoxanthin (μg)

-3.2E-04 (-6.6E-04, 2.9E-05)

0.072

-3.7E-04 (-6.9E-04, -5.1E-05)

0.023

-6.1

-6.4

B. Positive associations

Dietary lipids

 Total unsaturated fat

 Polyunsaturated fat

 n-3 Fatty acids (EPAf,DPAg,DHAh) (g)

 

0.035

1.4E-01 (4.6E-04, 2.8E-01)

0.049

3.5

3.4

 n-3 Fatty acidsi (EPA & DHA) (g)

1.8E-01 (1.3E-02, 3.4E-01)

0.034

1.5E-01 (1.6E-03, 3.0E-01)

0.048

3.4

3.6

 EPA (g)

4.7E-01 (9.2E-02, 8.4E-01)

0.015

4.0E-01 (5.9E-02, 7.4E-01)

0.022

3.7

3.7

 DPA (g)

2.9E + 00 (4.4E-01, 5.3E + 00)

0.021

2.2E + 00 (-6.7E-02, 4.4E + 00)

0.057

4.5

4.5

Elements

 Manganesee (mg)

3.9E-03 (6.8E-05, 7.7E-03)

0.046

5.1E-03 (-2.0E-03, 1.2E-02)

0.16

9.9

9.6

Alcohols

 Ethanol (g)

6.0E-03 (3.1E-03, 8.8E-03)

<0.001*

6.6E-03 (4.0E-03, 9.2E-03)

<0.001*

10.0

3.2

  1. a Covariates included: sex, smoking status, season of toenail collection, case–control status, body mass index, age, daily intake of water from the household water source, total energy intake, and water arsenic concentrations for individuals with water arsenic concentrations ≥1 μg/L.
  2. b predictions made using: male, never-smoker, control, median water arsenic concentration for those <1 μg/L, normal BMI, fall toenail collection, and mean age, calories, and water consumption for males with water arsenic < 1 μg/L.
  3. c predictions made using: female, never-smoker, control, median water arsenic concentration for those <1 μg/L, normal BMI, fall toenail collection, and mean age, calories, and water consumption for females with water arsenic < 1 μg/L.
  4. d without Gamma-Linolenic Fatty Acid.
  5. e without supplements.
  6. f Eicosapentaenoic Fatty Acid.
  7. g Docosapentaenoic Fatty Acid.
  8. h Docosahexanenoic Fatty Acid.
  9. i without Alpha-Linolenic Fatty Acid.
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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