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Table 2 Dietary responses across tertiles of overall urbanization indexa, CHNS, 2015

From: Characterizing the urban diet: development of an urbanized diet index

 

Urbanization Tertiles

Exclusion/Inclusion Rationale

 

Low

29.2–61.2

Moderate

61.3–82.5

High

82.6–104.4

–

Urbanization Index – mean (SD)

50.7 (7.2)

72.9 (6.3)

91.2 (5.2)

–

bDrink alcohol - % yes

27.3

27.9

27.9

Excluded - No association with urbanization

b% kcal from fat – mean (SD)

32.4 (12.7)

35.4 (11.4)

35.1 (10.9)

Excluded - No association with urbanization

bSodium (mg) - mean (SD)

3896 (2264)

3974 (2221)

3780 (2092)

Excluded - No association with urbanization

bFiber (g) - mean (SD)

10.3 (7.2)

10.8 (7.3)

10.8 (6.9)

Excluded - No association with urbanization

bEat fast food – % yes

2.1

2.4

3.2

Excluded - Low consumption

bEat instant noodles - % yes

2.0

1.9

2.2

Excluded-No association with urbanization, low consumption

Drink wine - % yes

8.4

22.4

31.6

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Own fridge - % yes

85.2

94.0

96.9

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Own microwave - % yes

9.6

39.8

63.0

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Eat fruit - % yes

28.7

40.0

52.25

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Eat nuts/seeds - % yes

11.2

19.4

21.9

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Eat all snack foods - % yes

11.2

17.9

21.5

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Eat sweet snacks - % yes

6.4

12.5

15.5

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Eat eggs - % yes

55.4

70.8

77.2

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Eat dairy - % yes

9.42

19.1

35.8

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Eat away from home - % yes

15.7

30.2

32.0

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Eat fried foods - % yes

18.3

28.5

31.3

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Eat high fat meat - % yes

72.7

85.9

87.0

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Eat animal-source foods - % yes

77.7

90.3

92.6

Included - Positive association with urbanization

Eat processed foods - % yes

93.7

96.3

98.1

Included - Positive association with urbanization

# of snacks - mean (SD)

0.3 (0.5)

0.4 (0.6)

0.6 (0.8)

Included – Positive association with urbanization

# of food groups - mean (SD)

9.9 (2.9)

11.5 (3.2)

12.6 (3.4)

Included - Positive association with urbanization

% kcal from carbs – mean (SD)

55.6 (12.7)

51.1 (11.6)

50.7 (11.0)

Included – Negative association with urbanization

  1. aOverall urbanization index is a validated multicomponent measure of urbanization in the CHNS (Jones-Smith & Popkin, 2010)
  2. bVariables not included in the urbanized diet index development process
  3. 23 variables considered for inclusion in urbanized diet index – drinking alcohol, % of calories from fat, sodium intake and fiber intake excluded for lack of variation with overall urbanization; eating fast food excluded for low consumption (< 5%); eating instant noodles excluded for lack of variation with urbanization and low consumption, carrying 17 variables forward for index development
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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