Table 3 Subgroup analyses of soy isoflavone supplementation on blood pressure in adults
Subgroup | SBP | DBP | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test of heterogeneity | Test of heterogeneity | ||||||||||
No. of studies | Net change (95% CI) | P a | I 2 (%) | P b | No. of studies | Net change (95% CI) | P a | I 2 (%) | P b | ||
Resting blood pressure status | |||||||||||
Normotension | 6 | -0.77 (-3.21, 1.68) | 0.54 | 0.00 | 0.73 | 6 | -0.95 (-2.55, 1.77) | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.68 | |
Prehypertension | 16 | -1.99 (-3.64, -0.35) | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.60 | 16 | -1.05 (-2.08, -0.02) | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.59 | |
Hypertension | 2 | -1.65 (-7.18, 3.89) | 0.56 | 59.00 | 0.12 | 2 | -1.43 (-4.63, 1.77) | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.61 | |
Dose of soy isoflavone (mg/day) | |||||||||||
< 50 | 3 | 1.11 (-2.74, 4.95) | 0.57 | 0.00 | 0.81 | 3 | -0.24 (-2.31, 1.82) | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.72 | |
≥ 50, ≤ 100 | 18 | -1.67 (-3.22, -0.12) | 0.03 | 9.10 | 0.46 | 18 | -1.28 (-2.36, -0.19) | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.82 | |
> 100 | 5 | -1.77 (-4.37, 0.83) | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.51 | 5 | -1.23 (-2.69, 0.24) | 0.10 | 6.40 | 0.37 | |
Duration of follow-up (months) | |||||||||||
< 6 | 12 | -0.61 (-2.46, 1.24) | 0.52 | 0.00 | 0.82 | 12 | -0.75 (-1.91, 0.40) | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.95 | |
≥ 6 | 14 | -2.08 (-3.80, -0.36) | 0.02 | 10.30 | 0.34 | 14 | -1.43 (-2.54, -0.32) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.51 | |
Types of soy isoflavone | |||||||||||
Genistein | 6 | -2.29 (-5.71, 1.14) | 0.19 | 46.20 | 0.10 | 6 | -1.59 (-3.86, 0.68) | 0.17 | 25.30 | 0.24 | |
Mixed types of soy isoflavone | 19 | -1.39 (-2.78, -0.01) | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.84 | 19 | -1.00 (-1.89, -0.13) | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.92 | |
Health status | |||||||||||
Health | 16 | -1.68 (-3.33, -0.04) | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.63 | 16 | -1.07 (-2.04, -0.10) | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.88 | |
Diabetes | 3 | -0.92 (-4.00, 2.15) | 0.57 | 39.00 | 0.19 | 3 | -1.61 (-3.78, 0.57) | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.67 | |
Metabolic syndrome | 3 | -12.60 (-20.98, -4.21) | < 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.89 | 3 | -6.55 (-11.33, -1.78) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.78 | |
Hypertension | 2 | -1.65 (-7.18, 3.89) | 0.56 | 59.00 | 0.12 | 2 | -1.43 (-4.63, 1.77) | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.61 | |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | 1 | 0.56 (-5.29, 6.41) | 0.85 | 1 | 1.00 (-3.20, 5.20) | 0.64 | |||||
Insulin resistance | 1 | 0.10 (-6.57, 6.77) | 0.98 | 1 | 0.80 (-3.05, 4.65) | 0.68 | |||||
Baseline BMI (kg/m 2 ) | |||||||||||
< 25 | 5 | -1.04 (-3.67, 1.59) | 0.44 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 5 | -0.99 (-2.84, 0.85) | 0.29 | 0.00 | 0.49 | |
≥ 25 | 18 | -1.35 (-2.86, 0.17) | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.48 | 18 | -0.82 (-1.72, 0.08) | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.66 | |
Mean age | |||||||||||
< 50 | 2 | 0.30 (-3.96, 4.55) | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.90 | 2 | 1.00 (-1.87, 3.87) | 0.49 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
≥ 50 | 23 | -1.30 (-2.61, 0.01) | 0.05 | 1.90 | 0.45 | 23 | -1.28 (-2.13, -0.43) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.95 | |
Gender | |||||||||||
Female | 23 | -1.73 (-3.09, -0.37) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 23 | -1.26 (-2.17, -0.34) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.80 | |
Male | 1 | 1.78 (-2.50, 3.66) | 0.42 | 1 | -1.43 (-4.58, 1.72) | 0.37 | |||||
Both sexes | 2 | -1.17 (-6.43, 4.10) | 0.66 | 43.00 | 0.16 | 2 | -0.13 (-3.87, 3.60) | 0.95 | 24.80 | 0.25 | |