Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to the oxidative balance score’s quartile

SUA level (mg/dL)

5.40 (4.50, 6.30)

5.60 (4.60, 6.50)

5.50 (4.50, 6.50)

5.40 (4.50, 6.34)

5.10 (4.30, 6.10)

< 0.001

Age

47.00 (33.00, 60.00)

45.00 (31.00, 58.00)

46.00 (31.00, 60.00)

47.00 (33.00, 60.00)

52.00 (37.00, 63.00)

< 0.001

Energy(kcal)

1,971.00 (1,522.50, 2,507.50)

1,576.50 (1,223.00, 1,976.94)

1,962.00 (1,557.72, 2,403.00)

2,145.72 (1,699.50, 2,706.61)

2,278.00 (1,793.51, 2,866.55)

< 0.001

Caffeine(mg)

121.50 (39.50, 235.50)

103.00 (34.50, 216.00)

122.50 (42.00, 239.00)

129.50 (43.00, 232.50)

138.00 (43.00, 247.50)

< 0.001

Protein(g)

76.51 (57.84, 98.67)

56.96 (44.70, 71.86)

75.17 (59.25, 92.85)

85.41 (66.89, 107.97)

92.66 (73.17, 118.15)

< 0.001

Sugar(g)

96.09 (63.60, 137.27)

78.81 (50.16, 117.43)

90.73 (61.54, 132.51)

101.42 (68.98, 141.83)

113.47 (79.64, 150.03)

< 0.001

Gender

0.11

Female

7,120.00 (52.46%)

2,066.00 (52.70%)

1,792.00 (50.32%)

1,718.00 (52.67%)

1,544.00 (54.16%)

Male

6,516.00 (47.54%)

1,920.00 (47.30%)

1,757.00 (49.68%)

1,496.00 (47.33%)

1,343.00 (45.84%)

Race

< 0.001

Hispanic

3,588.00 (14.27%)

1,052.00 (15.25%)

981.00 (15.57%)

924.00 (15.71%)

631.00 (10.52%)

Non-Hispanic white

5,809.00 (67.26%)

1,494.00 (61.00%)

1,403.00 (63.92%)

1,360.00 (67.88%)

1,552.00 (76.48%)

Non-Hispanic black

2,681.00 (10.84%)

1,118.00 (17.59%)

720.00 (11.53%)

521.00 (8.74%)

322.00 (5.27%)

other races

1,558.00 (7.63%)

322.00 (6.16%)

445.00 (8.98%)

409.00 (7.66%)

382.00 (7.74%)

Education

< 0.001

< High school

3,315.00 (15.70%)

1,311.00 (23.34%)

905.00 (16.64%)

685.00 (13.96%)

414.00 (8.58%)

High school

3,063.00 (22.73%)

1,060.00 (29.37%)

839.00 (24.79%)

645.00 (19.27%)

519.00 (17.21%)

> High school

7,246.00 (61.55%)

1,609.00 (47.23%)

1,803.00 (58.54%)

1,881.00 (66.75%)

1,953.00 (74.20%)

missing

12.00 (0.03%)

6.00 (0.06%)

2.00 (0.03%)

3.00 (0.02%)

1.00 (0.01%)

Poverty Ratio

< 0.001

<1.3

3,963.00 (20.22%)

1,520.00 (30.00%)

1,066.00 (21.36%)

823.00 (17.04%)

554.00 (12.14%)

≥ 1.3,<3.5

4,742.00 (34.09%)

1,405.00 (36.52%)

1,279.00 (36.62%)

1,107.00 (33.93%)

951.00 (29.20%)

≥ 3.5

3,711.00 (39.02%)

690.00 (26.68%)

873.00 (35.05%)

988.00 (41.98%)

1,160.00 (52.81%)

missing

1,220.00 (6.67%)

371.00 (6.79%)

331.00 (6.98%)

296.00 (7.05%)

222.00 (5.86%)

CKD

< 0.001

No

12,947.00 (96.37%)

3,712.00 (95.00%)

3,377.00 (96.28%)

3,072.00 (96.67%)

2,786.00 (97.58%)

Yes

689.00 (3.63%)

274.00 (5.00%)

172.00 (3.72%)

142.00 (3.33%)

101.00 (2.42%)

Diabetes

< 0.001

No

10,982.00 (85.94%)

3,084.00 (83.31%)

2,834.00 (85.71%)

2,638.00 (86.56%)

2,426.00 (88.29%)

Yes

2,654.00 (14.06%)

902.00 (16.69%)

715.00 (14.29%)

576.00 (13.44%)

461.00 (11.71%)

Hypertension

0.053

No

11,277.00 (86.60%)

3,190.00 (85.25%)

2,932.00 (86.15%)

2,722.00 (87.73%)

2,433.00 (87.33%)

Yes

2,359.00 (13.40%)

796.00 (14.75%)

617.00 (13.85%)

492.00 (12.27%)

454.00 (12.67%)

Hyperlipidemia

< 0.001

No

5,022.00 (37.66%)

1,333.00 (32.48%)

1,288.00 (38.10%)

1,206.00 (37.57%)

1,195.00 (42.63%)

Yes

8,613.00 (62.34%)

2,653.00 (67.52%)

2,260.00 (61.89%)

2,008.00 (62.43%)

1,692.00 (57.37%)

missing

1.00 (0.00%)

0.00 (0.00%)

1.00 (0.00%)

0.00 (0.00%)

0.00 (0.00%)

CVD

0.029

No

12,086.00 (90.86%)

3,412.00 (89.24%)

3,158.00 (90.17%)

2,907.00 (92.29%)

2,609.00 (91.82%)

Yes

1,549.00 (9.14%)

573.00 (10.76%)

391.00 (9.83%)

307.00 (7.71%)

278.00 (8.18%)

missing

1.00 (0.00%)

1.00 (0.00%)

0.00 (0.00%)

0.00 (0.00%)

0.00 (0.00%)

Hyperuricemia

< 0.001

No

10,577.00 (78.31%)

2,913.00 (74.30%)

2,741.00 (77.10%)

2,551.00 (78.18%)

2,372.00 (83.75%)

Yes

3,059.00 (21.69%)

1,073.00 (25.70%)

808.00 (22.90%)

663.00 (21.82%)

515.00 (16.25%)