Diet quality from mid to late life and its association with physical frailty in late life in a cohort of Chinese adults

Table 2 Associations of DASH¹ quartiles at baseline and follow-up 3 with physical frailty

	Quartile 1 OR (95% CI)	Quartile 2 OR (95% CI)	Quartile 3 OR (95% CI)	Quartile 4 OR (95% CI)	P_trend
DASH at baseline
Median Score (Range)	16 [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]	19 [18,19,20]	22 [21,22,23]	26 [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35]
Cases / N	461/2881	461/2955	435/3093	509/3651
Model 1 ²	1.00	0.95 (0.82, 1.10)	0.83 (0.71, 0.96)	0.84 (0.72, 0.97)	0.010
Model 2a ³	1.00	0.95 (0.81, 1.10)	0.83 (0.71, 0.97)	0.85 (0.73, 0.99)	0.025
DASH at follow-up 3
Median Score (Range)	15 [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]	19 [17,18,19,20]	22 [21,22,23]	26 [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34]
Cases / N	518/2485	615/3697	408/3026	325/3372
Model 1 ²	1.00	0.77 (0.67, 0.89)	0.64 (0.55, 0.74)	0.47 (0.40, 0.55)	< 0.001
Model 2b ⁴	1.00	0.80 (0.69, 0.92)	0.63 (0.54, 0.74)	0.49 (0.41, 0.58)	< 0.001

¹ DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
² Model 1: adjusted for age at physical tests (years), gender, dialect group (Hokkien, Cantonese), level of education (none, primary, secondary, A-level/university)
³ Model 2a: adjusted for Model 1 and the following variables at baseline: hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, alcohol consumption (none, monthly, weekly, daily), smoking history (never, former, current), body mass index (< 18.5, 18.5–22.9, 23.0–27.4, 27.5 + kg/m²), amount of sleep per day (≤ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 + hours), amount of strenuous sports per week (0, 0.5-1, 2–3, 4 + hours), amount of vigorous work per week (0, 0.5-3, 4–6, 7 + hours), amount of moderate activity per week (0, 0.5-1, 2–3, 4–6, 7 + hours), daily energy intake (kcal)
⁴ Model 2b: adjusted for Model 1 and baseline daily energy intake; the following variables at follow-up 2: alcohol consumption (none/monthly, weekly, daily) and amount of physical activity per week (0, 0.5-4, 4 + hours); and the following variables at follow-up 3: smoking history, body mass index, amount of sleep per day, and new cases of cancer, hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes

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