Table 2 Odds of meeting recommended fruit and vegetable intake in adults from the active living Census 2019 (n = 13,464)

Individual determinants

Gender

 Male

1.0

1.0

-

-

 Female

1.07 (0.99–1.16)

1.16 (1.06–1.27)

-

-

 Gender Diverse

0.95 (0.46–1.96)

1.53 (0.68–3.47)

-

-

Age

1.02 (1.01–1.02)

1.01 (1.01–1.02)

1.02 (1.01–1.02)

1.01 (1.01–1.02)

1.01 (1.00-1.01)

1.02 (1.01–1.02)

Financial stability

 Prosperous/Very comfortable

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Reasonably comfortable

0.91 (0.83–0.99)

0.91 (0.79–1.05)

0.90 (0.80–1.03)

0.86 (0.78–0.97)

0.84 (0.71–0.99)

0.88 (0.76–1.02)

 Just getting along/Poor/Very poor

0.77 (0.69–0.87)

0.74 (0.62–0.88)

0.79 (0.68–0.93)

0.81 (0.71–0.93)

0.82 (0.67–1.02)

0.80 (0.66–0.96)

Education level

 Tertiary degree or higher

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Completed year 12

0.82 (0.75–0.89)

0.79 (0.69–0.89)

0.83 (0.75–0.92)

0.77 (0.70–0.86)

0.85 (0.73–0.99)

0.71 (0.63–0.82)

 Not completed year 12

0.83 (0.75–0.92)

0.85 (0.74–0.98)

0.78 (0.68–0.90)

0.84 (0.74–0.95)

0.98 (0.82–1.17)

0.71 (0.60–0.84)

Area level disadvantage

 1 – most disadvantaged

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

-

1.0

 2

1.07 (0.95–1.19)

1.05 (0.89–1.26)

1.07 (0.93–1.24)

1.10 (0.95–1.27)

-

1.08 (0.90–1.31)

 3

1.25 (1.07–1.47)

1.36 (1.06–1.74)

1.17 (0.95–1.45)

1.30 (1.07–1.58)

-

1.28 (0.99–1.64)

 4

1.09 (0.96–1.23)

1.12 (0.93–1.35)

1.05 (0.90–1.24)

1.10 (0.94–1.29)

-

1.11 (0.90–1.36)

 5 – least disadvantaged

1.12 (0.97–1.30)

1.28 (1.02–1.60)

0.99 (0.81–1.20)

1.20 (1.00-1.43)

-

1.20 (0.95–1.52)

Weight status²

 Underweight/Normal weight

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Overweight

0.83 (0.76–0.90)

0.83 (0.73–0.94)

0.83 (0.74–0.92)

0.85 (0.77–0.94)

0.82 (0.71–0.96)

0.87 (0.76–0.99)

 Obesity

0.70 (0.64–0.77)

0.76 (0.65–0.88)

0.67 (0.59–0.75)

0.73 (0.65–0.82)

0.73 (0.61–0.88)

0.71 (0.62–0.83)

Smoking status

 Current smoker

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Used to smoke

1.98 (1.71–2.29)

1.97 (1.59–2.44)

2.04 (1.66–2.51)

1.48 (1.21–1.80)

1.43 (1.07–1.89)

1.58 (1.20–2.08)

 Never smoked

2.12 (1.83–2.45)

2.17 (1.76–2.68)

2.10 (1.72–2.57)

1.43 (1.17–1.73)

1.39 (1.05–1.83)

1.51 (1.15–1.98)

Alcoholic beverage intake

 More than 3 days per week

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

-

1.0

 1–2 days per week

1.35 (1.22–1.50)

1.33 (1.15–1.53)

1.37 (1.28–1.58)

1.08 (0.96–1.22)

-

1.05 (0.88–1.24)

 3 or less days per month

1.35 (1.22–1.48)

1.26 (1.09–1.45)

1.45 (1.27–1.66)

1.01 (0.90–1.14)

-

1.01 (0.87–1.19)

 No longer drink/do not drink

1.47 (1.31–1.64)

1.36 (1.15–1.63)

1.57 (1.35–1.83)

1.15 (1.00-1.32)

-

1.15 (0.96–1.37)

Vigorous physical activity (hours per week)

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

1.04 (1.03–1.06)

1.06 (1.05–1.08)

1.04 (1.03–1.05)

1.03 (1.02–1.05)

1.05 (1.03–1.06)

Social-environmental determinants

Household size

 1 person

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 2 people

1.14 (1.03–1.26)

1.26 (1.06–1.49)

1.12 (0.98–1.27)

1.40 (1.23–1.60)

1.86 (1.46–2.38)

1.27 (1.09–1.49)

 3 + people

1.07 (0.96–1.20)

1.19 (0.98–1.43)

1.04 (0.90–1.20)

1.41 (1.22–1.63)

1.83 (1.40–2.39)

1.28 (1.07–1.54)

Food stability

 Food unstable

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Food stable

1.19 (1.02–1.40)

1.09 (0.84–1.42)

1.25 (1.03–1.54)

1.29 (1.04–1.61)

1.65 (1.12–2.44)

1.14 (0.87–1.50)

Physical-environmental determinants

Use of Community Gardens

 Haven’t used facility

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

-

1.0

 Have used facility

1.18 (1.10–1.27)

1.18 (1.05–1.32)

1.19 (1.08–1.31)

1.15 (1.06–1.26)

-

1.20 (1.07–1.34)