Table 2 Characteristics of white participants by beverage intake frequency at enrollment, the CARDIAa study
Any Combo of HFCSb sweetened Soft Drinks, and Fruit Drinks | 100% Citrus / Orange Juicec | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall No. = 2273 | No. | 905 | 609 | 435 | 324 | 621 | 615 | 573 | 464 |
Intake Frequencies | ≤ 1.5/wk | > 1.5/wk—once/d | > once/d 2/d | > 2/d -8 times/d | ≤ 2 times/wk | > 2/wk-5 times/wk | > 5/wk -1.5/d | > 1.5/d-6/d | |
Education Years (Mean) (SD) | 15.0 ± 1.8 | 14.6 ± 1.9 | 14.2 ± 2.0 | 13.3 ± 1.9 | 14.2 ± 2.1 | 14.6 ± 2.0 | 14.6 ± 2.0 | 14.5 ± 2.0 | |
Active / former smoker (%) | 40.9 | 40.4 | 47.1 | 54.9 | 47.5 | 42.1 | 43.3 | 42.5 | |
BMI (kg/m) (Mean) (SD) | 23.2 ± 3.6 | 23.5 ± 3.7 | 23.8 ± 3.9 | 24.3 ± 4.3 | 23.7 ± 4.1 | 23.6 ± 3.8 | 23.6 ± 3.7 | 23.5 ± 3.6 | |
Energy (kcal) (Mean) (SD) | 2140 ± 838 | 2470 ± 847 | 2740 ± 955 | 3150 ± 905 | 2220 ± 901 | 2350 ± 864 | 2630 ± 953 | 2850 ± 926 | |
Fruit & vegetable mean serv/d (SD) | 6.3 ± 3.9 | 6.0 ± 3.5 | 5.6 ± 3.7 | 4.9 ± 3.8 | 4.2 ± 3.1 | 4.9 ± 3.0 | 6.4 ± 3.3 | 8.8 ± 4.1 | |
Alcohol servings/d (Mean) (SD) | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.1 | |
Frequency/wk of fast-food visits (SD) | 1.3 ± 2.0 | 1.6 ± 1.9 | 2.1 ± 2.1 | 3.2 ± 2.0 | 1.8 ± 2.4 | 1.8 ± 2.1 | 1.8 ± 2.3 | 1.8 ± 2.3 | |
Physical Activity Score (SD) | 460 ± 273 | 441 ± 293 | 439 ± 271 | 408 ± 275 | 388 ± 263 | 434 ± 251 | 493 ± 312 | 468 ± 276 | |
Self-reported | |||||||||
Hypertension/Med Use (%) | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.1 | |
Serum Triglycerides (%) | |||||||||
Borderline High (150–199 mg/dL) | 2.7 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 6.5 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 5.2 | |
High (≥ 200 mg/dL) | 2.0 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3.2 | |
Hyperuricemia (%) | |||||||||
(> 7.0 mg/dL men, > 6.0 mg/dL women) | 9.5 | 11.5 | 17.0 | 20.4 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 13.1 | 13.1 | |
Hypercholesterolemia (%) | |||||||||
≥ 190 mg/dL | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 4.5 | |
Hyperglycemia (%) | |||||||||
Pre-diabetes 100–125 mg/dL | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.6 | |
Diabetes (≥ 126 mg/dL) | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | |
Hyperinsulinemia (≥ 25 mcU/ML) | 1.4 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 3.0 | |
Apolipoprotein B to A1 Ratio (%) | |||||||||
Higher CVD risk (> 0.9 /men, > 0.8 mg/dL / women) | 14.5 | 18.2 | 20.5 | 28.7 | 23.7 | 18.5 | 16.1 | 15.3 | |