Fig. 4

Associations between energy intake and the risk of cardiovascular mortality in individuals with CKD on a LPD. Model 1 adjusted for baseline age, sex (‘Male’, ‘Female’), ethnicity, BMI (‘<30’, ‘≥30’), alcohol use (‘No’, ‘Yes’), smoking (‘No’, ‘Yes’); Model 2 adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus e-GFR, ACR (‘<30’, ‘30–300’, ‘≥30’); Model 3 adjusted for covariates in model 2 plus serum albumin (‘<35’, ‘≥35’), hypertension (‘Yes’ or ‘No’), anemia (‘Yes’ or ‘No’), diabetes (‘Yes’ or ‘No’), hyperlipidemia (‘Yes’ or ‘No’), RAASi use (‘Yes’ or ‘No’); HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; e-GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; RAASi, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor; CKD, chronic kidney disease