Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 23,479 Chinese adult inpatients included

iP (mmol/L)

< 0.64

0.64–0.8

0.8–1.16

1.16–1.45

≥ 1.45

Total, number (%)

341 (1.5)

771 (3.3)

11,479(48.9)

9,241 (39.4)

1,647 (7.0)

< 0.001

Ren Ji Hospital, number (%)

302 (1.5)

657 (3.2)

9,835 (48.5)

7,977 (39.4)

1,489 (7.3)

< 0.001

Xin Hua Hospital, number (%)

39 (1.2)

114 (3.5)

1,644 (51.1)

1,264 (39.3)

158 (4.9)

Age, y

62.1 ± 17.3

61.7 ± 18.0

60.0 ± 16.6

55.8 ± 16.6

49.2 ± 16.9

< 0.001

Sex, male, %

62.2

74.3

67.3

51

51.7

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

23.3 ± 3.7

23.0 ± 3.8

23.4 ± 3.7

23.5 ± 3.7

23.4 ± 3.7

0.006

CCI, point

2 (0, 2)

1 (0, 2)

1 (0, 2)

1 (0, 2)

1 (0, 2)

< 0.001

CCI, 0 point, %

36.9

40.6

48.7

38.6

41.2

< 0.001

CCI, 1–2 points, %

46.4

45.1

48.4

49.8

47.8

CCI ≥ 3 points, %

16.6

14.3

12.3

11.6

11.0

Surgery, yes, %

58.9

49.0

46.3

46.4

49.6

< 0.001

Mortality, %

5.3

1.9

0.4

0.3

0.5

< 0.001

LOS, day

12, (8, 20)

8, (6, 14)

7, (4, 10)

6, (4, 9)

7, (5, 10)

< 0.001

Phosphate, mmol/L

0.52 (0.40, 0.58)

0.74 (0.70, 0.77)

1.03 (0.95, 1.10)

1.26 (1.17, 1.32)

1.54 (1.49, 1.65)

< 0.001

Calcium, mmol/L

2.12 (2.00, 2.24)

2.18 (2.12, 2.27)

2.21 (2.15, 2.28)

2.23 (2.17, 2.30)

2.25 (2.18, 2.33)

< 0.001

Magnesium, mmol/L

0.84 ± 0.14

0.88 ± 0.10

0.89 ± 0.09

0.90 ± 0.09

0.91 ± 0.10

< 0.001

Sodium, mmol/L

138.7 ± 5.0

139.7 ± 4.2

140.6 ± 3.2

140.7 ± 3.3

140.7 ± 3.3

< 0.001

Potassium, mmol/L

3.5 ± 0.6

3.4 ± 0.5

3.5 ± 0.4

3.6 ± 0.4

3.6 ± 0.5

< 0.001

Chloride, mmol/L

102.8 ± 4.8

103.3 ± 4.5

103.5 ± 4.1

103.3 ± 4.6

102.0 ± 5.1

< 0.001

eGFR-EPI, ml/min/1.73m²

97.6 ± 24.9

94.4 ± 26.1

94.9 ± 24.8

97.3 ± 25.4

101.6 ± 27.7

< 0.001

25(OH)D, ng/ml

13.6 (7.6, 18.4)

16.2 (11.1, 23.2)

17.2 (12.3, 23.0)

16.2 (11.6, 21.8)

15.2 (10.8, 20.4)

< 0.001

Vitamin D₂, ng/ml

0.5 (0.5, 0.9)

0.5 (0.5, 0.7)

0.5 (0.5, 0.8)

0.5 (0.5, 0.8)

0.5 (0.5, 0.7)

< 0.001

Vitamin D₃, ng/ml

9.0 (5.9, 14.6)

13.4 (8.2, 19.2)

15.3 (10.6, 20.8)

15.1 (10.6, 20.4)

14.7 (10.2, 20.3)

< 0.001

Albumin, g/L

35.4 ± 6.6

37.7 ± 6.3

39.7 ± 5.8

40.0 ± 6.0

40.0 ± 6.7

< 0.001

Pre-albumin, mg/L

159.8 ± 73.5

192 ± 72.4

221.0 ± 60.5

231.3 ± 58.2

231.6 ± 64.7

< 0.001

Hemoglobin, g/L

110.5 ± 31.1

123.6 ± 26.6

130.0 ± 21.9

128.7 ± 20.9

125.3 ± 25.0

< 0.001

ALT, U/L

17, (11, 28)

17, (12, 27)

17, (12, 26)

17, (12, 26)

18, (12, 28)

0.175

AST, U/L

21, (16, 31)

21, (16, 29)

19, (15, 26)

19, (15, 26)

19, (15, 27)

< 0.001

ALP, U/L

75 (61, 99)

77 (64, 96)

75 (61, 91)

74 (60, 90)

73 (60, 90)

< 0.001

γ-GT, U/L

26, (15, 51)

23, (16, 43)

23, (16, 36)

23, (15, 37)

23, (16, 40)

0.003

TBIL, mmol/L

10.8 (7.2, 18.1)

11.0 (7.8, 15.7)

10.4 (7.6, 14.2)

9.6 (7.0, 13.1)

8.8 (6.3, 12.2)

< 0.001

DBIL, mmol/L

3.8 (2.6, 6.4)

3.6 (2.4, 5.3)

3.2 (2.2, 4.5)

2.9 (2.0, 4.0)

2.7 (1.9, 3.8)

< 0.001

TC, mmol/L

3.53 (2.65, 4.48)

3.93 (3.25, 4.79)

4.23 (3.54, 5.02)

4.46 (3.69, 5.28)

4.40 (3.70, 5.33)

< 0.001

TG, mmol/L

1.16 (0.83, 1.72)

1.24 (0.88, 1.78)

1.30 (0.93, 1.85)

1.38 (0.97, 2.02)

1.41 (0.97, 2.19)

< 0.001

FBG, mmol/L

5.7 (4.8, 7.6)

5.5 (4.8, 7.0)

5.4 (4.7, 6.9)

5.3 (4.6, 6.7)

5.2 (4.4, 6.5)

< 0.001

WBC, 10⁹/L

6.7 (4.6, 9.3)

6.2 (5, 8.1)

6.0 (4.9, 7.4)

6.1 (5.0, 7.5)

6.3 (4.9, 7.8)

< 0.001