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Table 2 The association between serum level of phosphate and LOS

From: The association between serum phosphate and length of hospital stay and all-cause mortality in adult patients: a cross-sectional study

Group

iP (mmol/L)

Crude

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

G1

< 0.64

8.68 (7.35, 10.01)

8.06 (6.73, 9.38)

7.87 (6.56, 9.18)

4.79 (3.47, 6.10)

G2

0.64–0.8

4.10 (3.17, 5.01)

3.40 (2.49, 4.32)

3.30 (2.39, 4.21)

1.84 (0.94, 2.73)

G3

0.8–1.16

1.02 (0.68, 1.36)

0.58 (0.23, 0.93)

0.59 (0.24, 0.93)

0.44 (0.10, 0.78)

G4

1.16–1.45

0 (ref)

0 (ref)

0 (ref)

0 (ref)

G5

≥ 1.45

0.41 (-0.24, 1.06)

0.73 (0.08, 1.39)

0.69 (0.05, 1.34)

0.11 (-0.53, 0.74)

P trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Inflection point

1.156

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

< inflection point

Per 0.1mmol/L decrease

1.14 (0.88, 1.23)

1.05 (0.88, 1.23)

1.02 (0.85, 1.20)

0.64 (0.46, 0.81)

≥inflection point

Per 0.1mmol/L increase

0.02 (-0.04, 0.09)

0.04 (-0.02, 0.1)

0.04 (-0.02, 0.11)

-0.03 (-0.09, 0.03)

P for log-likelihood ratio test

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

  1. Note:
  2. 1. Abbreviation: iP, inorganic phosphorus; LOS, length of hospital stay; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity index; eGFR-EPI, estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation; 25(OH)D, 25 hydroxyvitamin D; Vitamin D3, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3; Vitamin D2, 25 hydroxyvitamin D2ALT, alanine transferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; γ-GT, gamma glutamyl-transferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  3. 2. Model 1: adjusting sex and age (“18–45 y”, “45–65 y” or “≥65 y”)
  4. 3. Model 2: adjusting variables in model 1 and further CCI (“0”, “1–2”, or “≥3”), surgery (“no” vs. “yes”), hospital (Ren Ji Hospital vs. Xin Hua hospital), surgery (“no” vs. “yes”) and BMI (“<18.5 kg/m2”, “18.5–24 kg/m2”, or “≥24 kg/m2”)
  5. 4. Model 3: adjusting variables in model 2 and further serum level of eGFR-EPI (“30–60 ml/min/1.73m2”, “60–90 ml/min/1.73m2”, or “≥90 ml/min/1.73m2”), vitamin D status (“normal” vs. “low”), calcium (“<2.25 mmol/L”, “2.25–2.75 mmol/L”, or “≥2.75 mmol/L”), magnesium (“<0.75 mmol/L” vs. “≥0.75 mmol/L”), sodium (“<135 mmol/L”, “135–145 mmol/L”, or “≥145 mmol/L”), chloride (“<96 mmol/L”, “96–108 mmol/L”, or “≥108 mmol/L”), albumin (“≥35 g/L” vs. “<35 g/L”), pre-albumin (“≥160 mg/dL” vs. “<160 mg/dL”), anemia (“no” vs. “yes”), liver injury (“no” vs. “yes”), dyslipidemia (“no” vs. “yes”), and white blood cell count (“<10 × 109/ml” vs. “≥10 × 109/ml”)
  6. 5. CCI without terms of HIV infection and AIDS was used to assess the disease severity
  7. 6. LOS was defined as the time between the measurement of serum phosphate and discharge time or the time of death
  8. 7. Serum calcium (mmol/L) was calculated as the following equation: serum total calcium (mmol/L) + 0.8×[40-serum albumin (g/L)]
  9. 8. Low vitamin D status was defined as serum 25(OH)D level < 20 ng/ml or sum of serum vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 level < 20 ng/ml in the absence of 25(OH)D measurement
  10. 9. Liver injury was determined as any of the following: ALT (≥120 U/L), AST (≥150 U/L), ALP (≥250 U/L), γ-GT (≥100 U/L), or TBIL (≥34.2 μmol/L)
  11. 10. Dyslipidemia was determined if one of the following criteria was met: serum TC ≥ 6.2 mmol/L, or TG ≥ 2.3 mmol/L, or LDL-C ≥ 4.1 mmol/L, or HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L
  12. 11. Anemia was determined if serum level of hemoglobin was less than 120 g/L in males, or less than 110 g/L in females
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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