Table 1 Characteristics of participants
Characteristics | HDL-C level (mmol/L) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 1.00 | 1.00-1.49 | 1.50–1.99 | 2.00-2.49 | ≥ 2.50 | |
Toll participants | 518 | 1850 | 941 | 263 | 60 |
Sex, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 382 (73.7) | 967 (52.3) | 321 (34.1) | 71 (27.0) | 19 (31.7) |
 Female | 136 (26.3) | 883 (47.7) | 620 (65.9) | 192 (73.0) | 41 (68.3) |
Age, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 60–69 years | 269 (51.9) | 959 (51.8) | 460 (48.9) | 132 (50.2) | 28 (46.7) |
 70–79 years | 164 (31.7) | 542 (29.3) | 261 (27.7) | 77 (29.3) | 25 (41.7) |
 ≥ 80 years | 85 (16.4) | 349 (18.9) | 220 (23.4) | 54 (20.5) | 7 (11.7) |
Race, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mexican American | 53 (10.2) | 198 (10.7) | 73 (7.8) | 9 (3.4) | 3 (5.0) |
 Other Hispanic | 57 (11.0) | 228 (12.3) | 73 (7.8) | 10 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) |
 Non-Hispanic White | 256 (49.4) | 794 (42.9) | 430 (45.7) | 141 (53.6) | 27 (45.0) |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 97 (18.7) | 428 (23.1) | 249 (24.5) | 69 (26.2) | 28 (46.7) |
 Other race | 55 (10.6) | 202 (10.9) | 116 (12.3) | 34 (12.9) | 2 (3.3) |
BMI, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 <25 kg/m2 | 69 (13.3) | 420 (22.7) | 341 (36.2) | 147 (55.9) | 29 (48.3) |
 25 to < 30 kg/m2 | 207 (40.0) | 655 (35.4) | 316 (33.6) | 70 (26.6) | 23 (38.3) |
 ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 242 (46.7) | 775 (41.9) | 284 (30.2) | 46 (17.5) | 8 (13.3) |
Educational level, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Less than high school | 179 (34.6) | 577 (31.2) | 258 (27.4) | 54 (20.5) | 8 (13.3) |
 High school | 136 (26.3) | 428 (23.1) | 206 (21.9) | 54 (20.5) | 15 (25.0) |
 College or higher | 203 (39.2) | 845 (45.7) | 477 (50.7) | 155 (58.9) | 37 (61.7) |
Physical activity, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Low intensity | 284 (54.8) | 1009 (54.5) | 477 (50.7) | 115 (43.7) | 23 (38.3) |
 High intensity | 234 (45.2) | 841 (45.5) | 464 (49.3) | 148 (56.3) | 37 (61.7) |
Hypertension, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 352 (68.0) | 1191 (64.4) | 582 (61.8) | 132 (50.2) | 34 (56.7) |
 No | 166 (32.0) | 659 (35.6) | 359 (38.2) | 131 (49.8) | 26 (43.3) |
Diabetes, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 189 (36.5) | 510 (27.6) | 145 (15.4) | 23 (8.7) | 6 (10.0) |
 No | 329 (63.5) | 1340 (72.4) | 796 (84.6) | 240 (91.3) | 54 (90.0) |
Smoking, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Current | 94 (18.1) | 230 (12.4) | 93 (9.9) | 36 (13.7) | 12 (20.0) |
 Never | 213 (41.1) | 911 (49.2) | 530 (56.3) | 131 (49.8) | 32 (53.3) |
 Former | 211 (40.7) | 709 (38.3) | 318 (33.8) | 96 (36.5) | 16 (26.7) |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 349 (67.4) | 1155 (62.4) | 586 (62.3) | 182 (69.2) | 53 (88.3) |
 No | 169 (32.6) | 695 (37.6) | 355 (37.7) | 81 (30.8) | 7 (11.7) |
Lipid-lowering therapy, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 431 (83.2) | 1542 (83.4) | 789 (83.8) | 214 (81.4) | 46 (76.7) |
 No | 87 (16.8) | 308 (16.6) | 152 (16.2) | 49 (18.6) | 14 (23.3) |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 33.4 (3.9) | 47.9 (5.3) | 65.7 (5.3) | 83.9 (5.2) | 110.7 (16.4) |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 97.8 (32.5) | 104.2 (35.0) | 103.8 (35.2) | 101.0 (32.6) | 101.1 (32.6) |
TG (mmol/L) | 206.5 (148.6) | 173.4 (135.0) | 145.9 (129.3) | 135.6 (130.9) | 103.8 (95.5) |
Cognitive impairment, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 161 (31.1) | 464 (25.1) | 219 (23.3) | 45 (17.1) | 17 (28.3) |
 No | 357 (68.9) | 1386 (74.9) | 722 (76.7) | 218 (82.9) | 43 (71.7) |