Table 5 Subgroup analysis of boiled seafood consumption for the risk of overweight/abdominal obesity in CHNS 1997–2011

Seafood-overweight/obesity analysis

 Age (years)

0.999

  6 ~ 10

209/1102

1 (Ref.)

0.80 (0.56–1.15)

0.46 (0.29–0.71)

< 0.001

  11 ~ 13

92/586

1 (Ref.)

1.27 (0.70–2.30)

1.06 (0.58–1.92)

0.743

  14 ~ 18

103/518

1 (Ref.)

0.87 (0.50–1.51)

0.51 (0.23–1.14)

0.116

 Gender

0.124

  Men

292/1159

1 (Ref.)

0.98 (0.72–1.34)

0.66 (0.46–0.95)

0.043

  Women

112/1047

1 (Ref.)

0.68 (0.40–1.15)

0.49 (0.25–0.94)

0.018

 Nationality

0.154

  Han

370/1907

1 (Ref.)

2.72 (0.74–10.03)

0.72 (0.16–3.14)

0.922

  Non-Han

34/299

1 (Ref.)

0.87 (0.66–1.15)

0.57 (0.41–0.79)

< 0.001

 BMI

0.677

  < Median

138/1103

1 (Ref.)

0.82 (0.52–1.29)

0.71 (0.42–1.19)

0.160

  ≥Median

266/1103

1 (Ref.)

0.91 (0.66–1.27)

0.54 (0.36–0.80)

0.003

 Physical activity

0.392

  Very light to moderate

335/1851

1 (Ref.)

0.90 (0.67–1.21)

0.55 (0.39–0.77)

< 0.001

  Heavy to very heavy

69/355

1 (Ref.)

0.63 (0.32–1.24)

0.98 (0.40–2.42)

0.510

 Urbanization index

0.669

  < Median

215/1106

1 (Ref.)

0.87 (0.59–1.28)

0.47 (0.28–0.78)

0.004

  ≥Median

189/1100

1 (Ref.)

0.92 (0.63–1.34)

0.63 (0.41–0.96)

0.037

 Income

0.995

  < Median

196/1091

1 (Ref.)

0.79 (0.53–1.17)

0.54 (0.33–0.89)

0.012

  ≥Median

204/1090

1 (Ref.)

1.13 (0.77–1.64)

0.64 (0.42–0.97)

0.069

 Smoking

0.336

  Nonsmoker

292/1611

1 (Ref.)

0.89 (0.66–1.20)

0.64 (0.45–0.91)

0.015

  Former/current smoker

112/595

1 (Ref.)

0.91 (0.53–1.56)

0.44 (0.22–0.90)

0.033

 Area

0.533

  North

88/437

1 (Ref.)

1.08 (0.57–2.07)

1.34 (0.69–2.60)

0.392

  East

71/355

1 (Ref.)

0.45 (0.21-1.00)

0.30 (0.15–0.61)

< 0.001

  South central

195/1030

1 (Ref.)

0.92 (0.64–1.32)

0.54 (0.34–0.85)

0.011

  South west

50/384

1 (Ref.)

1.61 (0.50–5.13)

1.24 (0.33–4.62)

0.528

 Urban site

0.321

  Yes

102/686

1 (Ref.)

0.87 (0.53–1.43)

0.77 (0.43–1.37)

0.360

  No

302/1520

1 (Ref.)

0.94 (0.69–1.29)

0.48 (0.32–0.70)

< 0.001

 Educational level

0.804

  < Middle school

340/1871

1 (Ref.)

0.83 (0.62–1.10)

0.57 (0.40–0.80)

0.001

  ≥ Middle school

64/335

1 (Ref.)

1.14 (0.56–2.32)

0.44 (0.19–0.99)

0.077

 Total energy intake

0.059

  < Median

175/1103

1 (Ref.)

0.70 (0.45–1.11)

0.95 (0.62–1.47)

0.527

  ≥Median

229/1103

1 (Ref.)

1.01 (0.72–1.41)

0.39 (0.24–0.62)

< 0.001

 AHEI score

0.843

  < Median

196/1103

1 (Ref.)

0.90 (0.60–1.34)

0.56 (0.35–0.89)

0.018

  ≥Median

208/1103

1 (Ref.)

0.86 (0.59–1.25)

0.58 (0.37–0.90)

0.015

Seafood-abdominal-obesity analysis

 Age (years)

0.793

  7 ~ 10

189/1093

1 (Ref.)

0.87 (0.59–1.30)

0.76 (0.50–1.14)

0.170

  11 ~ 13

111/619

1 (Ref.)

0.70 (0.39–1.27)

0.90 (0.54–1.49)

0.539

  14 ~ 18

81/544

1 (Ref.)

0.79 (0.43–1.45)

0.54 (0.26–1.13)

0.096

 Gender

0.030

  Men

223/1250

1 (Ref.)

0.78 (0.54–1.12)

0.98 (0.68–1.41)

0.669

  Women

158/1006

1 (Ref.)

0.86 (0.55–1.34)

0.57 (0.35–0.93)

0.025

 Nationality

0.671

  Han

343/1943

1 (Ref.)

0.83 (0.62–1.12)

0.77 (0.57–1.04)

0.065

  Non-Han

38/313

1 (Ref.)

0.48 (0.14–1.70)

0.98 (0.31–3.11)

0.682

 Physical activity

0.375

  Very light to moderate

331/1940

1 (Ref.)

0.86 (0.64–1.16)

0.78 (0.58–1.06)

0.098

  Heavy to very heavy

50/316

1 (Ref.)

0.54 (0.19–1.51)

0.77 (0.27–2.25)

0.401

 Urbanization index

0.397

  < Median

187/1121

1 (Ref.)

0.75 (0.47–1.17)

0.54 (0.32–0.90)

0.011

  ≥Median

194/1135

1 (Ref.)

0.90 (0.62–1.31)

0.97 (0.66–1.40)

0.793

 Income

0.844

  < Median

195/1115

1 (Ref.)

0.70 (0.46–1.07)

0.65 (0.42–1.02)

0.030

  ≥Median

182/1113

1 (Ref.)

0.86 (0.57–1.29)

0.90 (0.61–1.34)

0.539

 Smoking

0.979

  Nonsmoker

280/1630

1 (Ref.)

0.83 (0.60–1.14)

0.76 (0.54–1.06)

0.083

 Former/current smoker

101/626

1 (Ref.)

0.76 (0.42–1.39)

0.76 (0.43–1.34)

0.284

 Area

0.282

  North

81/440

1 (Ref.)

1.34 (0.71–2.52)

1.40 (0.76–2.59)

0.214

  East

110/445

1 (Ref.)

0.78 (0.43–1.41)

0.65 (0.37–1.12)

0.105

  South central

157/997

1 (Ref.)

0.84 (0.56–1.27)

0.79 (0.50–1.24)

0.277

  South west

33/374

1 (Ref.)

0.65 (0.14–3.06)

0.77 (0.09–6.36)

0.614

 Urban site

0.922

  Yes

114/712

1 (Ref.)

0.82 (0.50–1.35)

0.90 (0.54–1.50)

0.652

  No

267/1544

1 (Ref.)

0.86 (0.60–1.22)

0.75 (0.52–1.09)

0.107

 Educational level

0.350

  < Middle school

333/1947

1 (Ref.)

0.78 (0.58–1.05)

0.73 (0.53-1.00)

0.029

  ≥ Middle school

48/309

1 (Ref.)

0.79 (0.32–1.94)

0.85 (0.37–1.97)

0.669

 Total energy intake

0.915

  < Median

189/1128

1 (Ref.)

0.79 (0.52–1.20)

0.69 (0.45–1.04)

0.059

  ≥Median

192/1128

1 (Ref.)

0.84 (0.57–1.23)

0.87 (0.58–1.31)

0.419

 AHEI score

0.693

  < Median

185/1128

1 (Ref.)

0.68 (0.45–1.03)

0.80 (0.54–1.20)

0.196

  ≥Median

196/1128

1 (Ref.)

0.97 (0.66–1.44)

0.77 (0.50–1.18)

0.260