Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

N (%)

1169 (100.00)

64 (5.47)

283 (24.21)

384 (32.85)

438 (37.47)

7029 (100.00)

426 (6.06)

2233 (31.77)

2548 (36.25)

1822 (25.92)

Age (years)

62.55 ± 13.07

61.56 ± 11.97

59.67 ± 13.95

61.84 ± 13.26

65.18 ± 11.97

< 0.001

53.57 ± 17.79

51.25 ± 17.19

51.23 ± 17.46

52.36 ± 17.89

58.69 ± 17.18

< 0.001

Gender (%)

0.260

< 0.001

Male

816 (69.80)

39 (60.90)

195 (68.90)

293 (76.30)

289 (66.00)

3949 (56.20)

197 (46.20)

1269 (56.80)

1599 (62.80)

884 (48.50)

Female

353 (30.20)

25 (39.10)

88 (31.10)

91 (23.70)

149 (34.00)

3080 (43.80)

229 (53.80)

964 (43.20)

949 (37.20)

938 (51.50)

Race/ethnicity (%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Mexican American

90 (7.70)

5 (7.80)

34 (12.00)

24 (6.20)

27 (6.20)

879 (12.50)

45 (10.60)

347 (15.50)

363 (14.20)

124 (6.80)

Other Hispanic

82 (7.00)

5 (7.80)

17 (6.00)

35 (9.10)

25 (5.70)

481 (6.80)

18 (4.20)

141 (6.30)

218 (8.60)

104 (5.70)

Non-Hispanic White

518 (44.30)

14 (21.90)

80 (28.30)

178 (46.40)

246 (56.20)

3082 (43.80)

58 (13.60)

630 (28.20)

1279 (50.20)

1115 (61.20)

Non-Hispanic Black

317 (27.10)

34 (53.10)

116 (41.00)

85 (22.10)

82 (18.70)

1843 (26.20)

274 (64.30)

865 (38.70)

414 (16.20)

290 (15.90)

Other race (including multi-racial)

162 (13.90)

6 (9.40)

36 (12.70)

62 (16.10)

58 (13.20)

744 (10.60)

31 (7.30)

250 (11.20)

274 (10.80)

189 (10.40)

Education (%)

0.145

< 0.001

Less than high school

317 (27.10)

25 (39.10)

86 (30.40)

109 (28.40)

97 (22.10)

1813 (25.80)

131 (30.80)

636 (28.50)

674 (26.50)

372 (20.40)

High school or equivalent

297 (25.40)

17 (26.60)

75 (26.50)

83 (21.60)

122 (27.90)

1776 (25.30)

109 (25.60)

567 (25.40)

613 (24.10)

487 (26.70)

College or above

555 (47.50)

22 (34.40)

122 (43.10)

192 (50.00)

219 (50.00)

3429 (48.80)

185 (43.40)

1027 (46.00)

1258 (49.40)

959 (52.60)

Not recorded

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

11 (0.20)

1 (0.20)

3 (0.10)

3 (0.10)

4 (0.20)

Smoking status (%)

0.002

< 0.001

Yes

201 (17.20)

16 (25.00)

71 (25.10)

54 (14.10)

60 (13.70)

1347 (19.20)

121 (28.40)

525 (23.50)

435 (17.10)

266 (14.60)

No

475 (40.60)

23 (35.90)

91 (32.20)

162 (42.20)

199 (45.40)

2075 (29.50)

91 (21.40)

565 (25.30)

803 (31.50)

616 (33.80)

Not recorded

493 (42.20)

25 (39.10)

121 (42.80)

168 (43.80)

179 (40.90)

3607 (51.30)

214 (50.20)

1143 (51.20)

1310 (51.40)

940 (51.60)

Alcoholic ≥ 4 drinks/day (%)

0.034

< 0.001

Yes

153 (13.10)

5 (7.80)

55 (19.40)

51 (13.30)

42 (9.60)

1176 (16.70)

76 (17.80)

401 (18.00)

453 (17.80)

246 (13.50)

No

502 (42.90)

31 (48.40)

104 (36.70)

166 (43.20)

201 (45.90)

3057 (43.50)

173 (40.60)

912 (40.80)

1119 (43.90)

853 (46.80)

Not recorded

514 (44.00)

28 (43.80)

124 (43.80)

167 (43.50)

195 (44.50)

2796 (39.80)

177 (41.50)

920 (41.20)

976 (38.30)

723 (39.70)

Family poverty income ratio (%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

≤ 1

245 (21.00)

19 (29.70)

77 (27.20)

77 (20.10)

72 (16.40)

1310 (18.60)

95 (22.30)

484 (21.70)

452 (17.70)

279 (15.30)

1 < to ≤ 3

467 (39.90)

26 (40.60)

109 (38.50)

152 (39.60)

180 (41.10)

2850 (40.50)

193 (45.30)

928 (41.60)

1018 (40.00)

711 (39.00)

>3

361 (30.90)

16 (25.00)

74 (26.10)

123 (32.00)

148 (33.80)

2262 (32.20)

102 (23.90)

615 (27.50)

874 (34.30)

671 (36.80)

Not recorded

96 (8.20)

3 (4.70)

23 (8.10)

32 (8.30)

38 (8.70)

607 (8.60)

36 (8.50)

206 (9.20)

204 (8.00)

161 (8.80)

BMI (%)

0.003

< 0.001

Normal

180 (15.40)

8 (12.50)

37 (13.10)

60 (15.60)

75 (17.10)

937 (13.30)

42 (9.90)

264 (11.80)

339 (13.30)

292 (16.00)

Overweight

344 (29.40)

15 (23.40)

66 (23.30)

116 (30.20)

147 (33.60)

2074 (29.50)

86 (20.20)

559 (25.00)

796 (31.20)

633 (34.70)

Obese

618 (52.90)

37 (57.80)

175 (61.80)

201 (52.30)

205 (46.80)

3858 (54.90)

282 (66.20)

1350 (60.50)

1368 (53.70)

858 (47.10)

Not recorded

27 (2.30)

4 (6.20)

5 (1.80)

7 (1.80)

11 (2.50)

160 (2.30)

16 (3.80)

60 (2.70)

45 (1.80)

39 (2.10)

Hypertension (%)

0.321

0.003

Yes

833 (71.30)

47 (73.40)

206 (72.80)

256 (66.70)

324 (74.00)

3772 (53.70)

245 (57.50)

1168 (52.30)

1260 (49.50)

1099 (60.30)

No

336 (28.70)

17 (26.60)

77 (27.20)

128 (33.30)

114 (26.00)

3238 (46.10)

180 (42.30)

1060 (47.50)

1281 (50.30)

717 (39.40)

Not recorded

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

19 (0.30)

1 (0.20)

5 (0.20)

7 (0.30)

6 (0.30)

Diabetes (%)

0.406

0.005

Yes

370 (31.70)

23 (35.90)

92 (32.50)

119 (31.00)

136 (31.10)

1193 (17.00)

95 (22.30)

383 (17.20)

358 (14.10)

357 (19.60)

No

798 (68.30)

41 (64.10)

191 (67.50)

264 (68.80)

302 (68.90)

5832 (83.00)

330 (77.50)

1850 (82.80)

2187 (85.80)

1465 (80.40)

Not recorded

1 (0.10)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

1 (0.30)

0 (0.00)

4 (0.10)

1 (0.20)

0 (0.00)

3 (0.10)

0 (0.00)

Direct HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

48.49 ± 15.29

50.90 ± 17.68

47.38 ± 14.77

46.38 ± 14.16

50.72 ± 15.91

<0.001

48.97 ± 15.25

50.22 ± 17.11

48.69 ± 16.12

47.36 ± 14.09

51.25 ± 14.96

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

186.22 ± 43.15

179.98 ± 37.40

189.91 ± 44.98

186.33 ± 43.58

184.64 ± 42.27

0.560

199.75 ± 44.07

195.38 ± 41.88

201.09 ± 46.11

199.73 ± 42.77

199.14 ± 43.77

0.028

Glycohemoglobin (%)

6.19 ± 1.28

6.17 ± 0.99

6.33 ± 1.58

6.23 ± 1.31

6.06 ± 1.04

0.006

5.87 ± 1.00

6.08 ± 1.28

5.89 ± 1.05

5.80 ± 0.95

5.87 ± 0.91

< 0.001

Glucose (mg/dL)

118.13 ± 51.91

116.44 ± 42.93

123.03 ± 63.05

118.74 ± 53.32

114.65 ± 42.93

0.104

105.99 ± 35.70

108.73 ± 43.44

106.63 ± 37.01

104.47 ± 33.39

106.68 ± 35.12

0.003

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

189.14 ± 148.31

150.63 ± 109.86

190.55 ± 154.19

204.43 ± 177.09

180.41 ± 117.02

0.002

183.69 ± 147.88

159.85 ± 107.62

182.11 ± 158.30

192.61 ± 165.15

178.72 ± 112.07

< 0.001

Uric acid (µmol/L)

395.28 ± 112.74

433.26 ± 125.70

404.10 ± 117.99

395.95 ± 109.39

383.36 ± 108.68

0.180

449.59 ± 60.90

453.92 ± 65.98

451.29 ± 62.73

449.92 ± 56.86

446.03 ± 62.72

< 0.001