Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

Sex

 Female

2779 (59.2)

13,893,240 (59.9)

 Male

1919 (40.8)

9,292,060 (40.1)

Age (years)

 20–39 years

1735 (36.9)

9,061,761 (39.1)

 40–59 years

1446 (30.8)

8,035,077 (34.7)

 60–69 years

1171 (24.9)

4,628,874 (20.0)

 80 + years

346 (7.4)

1,459,588 (6.3)

Race

 Non-Hispanic White

2367 (50.4)

16,633,138 (71.7)

 Non-Hispanic Black

1123 (23.9)

2,811,734 (12.1)

 Mexican American

447 (9.5)

1,069,768 (4.6)

 Other Hispanic

386 (8.2)

1,197,085 (5.2)

 Other Race

375 (8.0)

1,473,574 (6.4)

BMI

 Underweight

74 (1.6)

384,739 (1.7)

 Normal

1072 (22.8)

5,863,344 (25.3)

 Overweight

1356 (28.9)

6,745,088 (29.1)

 Obesity

2196 (46.7)

10,192,128 (44.0)

PIR

 < 1

1096 (23.3)

3,856,132 (16.6)

 1–3

1915 (40.8)

8,258,019 (35.6)

 > 3

1687 (35.9)

11,071,148 (47.8)

Education

 Less than high school

975 (20.8)

3,163,370 (13.6)

 High school or equivalent

1042 (22.2)

5,156,131 (22.2)

 Some college or AA degree

1632 (34.7)

8,398,762 (36.2)

 College graduate or above

1049 (22.3)

6,467,036 (27.9)

Alcohol intake

 Non-drinkers

1446 (30.8)

6,121,093 (26.4)

 1–10 drinks/month

2648 (56.4)

13,569,827 (58.5)

 10 + drinks/month

604 (12.9)

3,494,380 (15.1)

Diabetes mellitus

 Yes

712 (15.2)

2,529,161 (10.9)

 No

3867 (82.3)

20,158,810 (86.9)

 Borderline

119 (2.5)

497,328 (2.1)

Smoke

2364 (50.3)

11,445,900 (49.4)

High blood pressure

1932 (41.1)

8,298,964 (35.8)

Stroke

247 (5.3)

985,593 (4.3)

Coronary heart disease

241 (5.1)

1,039,851 (4.5)

Cancer

527 (11.2)

2,741,748 (11.8)