Fig. 2

The association between the absolute patterns of dietary diversity score change and frailty. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. Absolute DDS change patterns: stable (score of 0), extreme decline (score from “minimum” to “median between minimum and − 1”), moderate decline (score from “median between minimum and − 1” to -1), moderate improvement (score from 1 to “median between 1 and maximum”), and extreme improvement (score from “median between 1 and maximum” to “maximum”). The model Adjusted for age, sex, residence, occupation, education background, marital status, living pattern, source of income, sufficient income, smoking status, drinking status, regular exercise, and BMI