Table 1 Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of 3,619 Ghanaian adults across quintiles (Q) of the SDI in the RODAM Study
Characteristics | Q1 [2.00–5.00] (n = 601) | Q2 [6.00–7.00] (n = 887) | Q3 [8.00–8.00] (n = 616) | Q4 [9.00–10.00] (n = 965) | Q5 [11.00–16.00] (n = 550) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site (%) | |||||
Amsterdam | 14.8 | 24.6 | 21.8 | 18.3 | 14.0 |
Berlin | 11.2 | 13.0 | 12.3 | 10.8 | 8.7 |
London | 4.7 | 6.3 | 9.7 | 11.0 | 19.5 |
Ghana (urban) | 48.9 | 37.3 | 33.3 | 32.3 | 35.1 |
Ghana (rural) | 20.4 | 18.8 | 22.9 | 27.6 | 22.7 |
Length of stay† | 17.3 (15.9, 18.7) | 16.3 (15.3, 17.3) | 17.2 (16.0, 18.4) | 16.4 (15.4, 17.4) | 17.6 (16.3, 18.8) |
< 10years | 26.9 | 28.2 | 23.9 | 27.8 | 24.9 |
≥ 10 years | 73.1 | 71.8 | 76.1 | 72.2 | 75.1 |
Sex (%) | |||||
Male | 40.1 | 37.5 | 36.0 | 32.6 | 38.2 |
Female | 59.9 | 62.5 | 64.0 | 67.4 | 61.8 |
Age (years)† | 42.3 (41.4, 43.2) | 44.7 (43.9, 45.4)* | 46.7 (45.8, 47.5)* | 47.6 (46.9, 48.3)* | 49.6 (48.7, 50.5)* |
< 40 | 43.3 | 35.3 | 27.3 | 24.2 | 18.9 |
40–64 | 53.5 | 60.5 | 67.5 | 69.4 | 73.6 |
≥ 65 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 7.5 |
Number of people in the household† | 4.5 (4.3, 4.7) | 4.2 (4.1, 4.4) | 4.2 (4.0, 4.4) | 4.3 (4.1, 4.5) | 4.3 (4.0, 4.5) |
≤ 5 (%) | 66.7 | 69.6 | 70.4 | 67.5 | 71.0 |
> 5 | 33.3 | 30.4 | 29.6 | 32.5 | 29.0 |
Marital Status (%) | |||||
Never married | 17.9 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 13.4 | 7.8 |
Married | 65.2 | 61.7 | 64.1 | 60.3 | 63.6 |
Formerly married | 16.9 | 22.3 | 23.1 | 26.3 | 28.6 |
Educational level (%) | |||||
Never/Elementary | 30.6 | 34.6 | 39.4 | 43.9 | 39.1 |
Lower/Intermediate | 59.7 | 56.8 | 52.3 | 48.3 | 50.4 |
Higher/University | 9.7 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 10.5 |
Employment status (%) | |||||
No | 16.3 | 22.2 | 21.9 | 21.2 | 19.9 |
Yes | 83.7 | 77.8 | 78.1 | 78.8 | 80.1 |
Smoking status (%) | |||||
Never | 87.2 | 90.5 | 91.7 | 93.4 | 91.8 |
Ever | 12.8 | 9.5 | 8.3 | 6.6 | 8.2 |
Current alcohol use (%) | |||||
No | 76.7 | 78.1 | 82.1 | 86.6 | 92.2 |
Yes | 23.3 | 21.9 | 17.9 | 13.4 | 7.8 |
Physical activity (MET-minutes/week)† | 7762.9 (7180.1, 8345.8) | 6892.7 (6412.9, 7372.5)* | 6526.2 (5950.4, 7107.9)* | 6273.5 (5813.5, 6733.4)* | 6010.9 (5401.6, 6620.2)* |
Low – Moderate | 40.1 | 46.6 | 48.4 | 49.1 | 49.5 |
High | 59.9 | 53.4 | 51.6 | 50.9 | 50.5 |
Energy intake (cal/day)† | 2973 (2912, 3035) | 2677 (2626, 2727)* | 2524 (2463, 2585)* | 2289 (2241, 2338)* | 2111 (2046, 2175)* |
BMI (kg/m2)† | 26.8 (26.4, 27.3) | 27.0 (26.6, 27.4) | 27.3 (25.9, 26.6) | 26.2 (25.9, 26.6)* | 26.4 (25.9, 26.8)* |