Table 1 Participants’ characteristics according to DII quintilesa
Dietary inflammatory index (DII) | P | Ptest | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (≤ -0.35) | Q2 (-0.34–2.99) | Q3 (3.00–5.58) | Q4 (> 5.59) | |||
N = 4167 | N = 4166 | N = 4167 | N = 4166 | |||
Age, years | 49.82(49.29,50.35) | 49.76(49.21,50.31) | 49.77(49.20,50.33) | 49.30(48.72,49.89) | 0.542 | 0.150 |
Male, n (%) | 2599(62.4) | 2183(52.4) | 1754(42.1) | 1442(34.6) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Non-Hispanic white, n (%) | 2028(48.7) | 1833(44.0) | 1712(41.1) | 1727(41.5) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 28.51(28.32,28.71) | 29.14(28.94,29.35) | 29.78(29.57,30.00) | 30.10(29.88,30.32) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 1757(42.2) | 1770(42.5) | 1681(40.3) | 1941(46.6) | 0.000 | 0.319 |
Current drinking, n (%) | 3264(78.3) | 3016(72.4) | 2831(67.9) | 2659(63.8) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Regular exercise, n (%) | 2031(48.7) | 1636(39.3) | 1458(35.0) | 1226(29.4) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
College graduate or above, n (%) | 2669(64.1) | 2324(55.8) | 1972(47.3) | 1661(39.9) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
> 55,000 annual household income, n (%) | 1814(43.5) | 1523(36.6) | 1266(30.4) | 1011(24.3) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Dietary supplements use, n (%) | 2504(60.1) | 2263(54.3) | 2063(49.5) | 1712(41.1) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Dietary inflammatory index | -4.50(-4.62,-4.37) | 1.43(1.40,1.46) | 4.30(4.28,4.32) | 7.27(7.24,7.31) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Dietary approaches to stop hypertension index | 28.66(28.57,28.75) | 27.20(27.12,27.28) | 26.24(26.16,26.32) | 24.85(24.78,24.92) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Alternate mediterranean diet score | 6.26(6.23,6.29) | 5.87(5.84,5.90) | 5.58(5.55,5.61) | 5.11(5.08,5.13) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Healthy eating index 2015 | 59.33(58.98,59.67) | 53.06(52.73,53.38) | 49.37(49.06,49.68) | 43.17(42.88,43.46) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 70(1.9) | 81(2.3) | 125(3.5) | 154(4.4) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Self-reported cancer, n (%) | 428(10.3) | 436(10.5) | 413(9.9) | 404(9.7) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Self-reported cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 342(8.2) | 423(10.2) | 469(11.3) | 552(13.3) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Self-reported hypertension, n (%) | 1388(33.3) | 1458(35.0) | 1542(37.0) | 1590(38.2) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Self-reported diabetes, n (%) | 434(10.4) | 548(13.2) | 604(14.6) | 630(15.1) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
Systemic immune inflammation index | 501.81(492.03,511.59) | 521.48(511.95,531.01) | 538.25(528.06,548.44) | 547.95(537.79,558.11) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Atherogenic index of plasma | 0.03(0.02,0.04) | 0.04(0.03,0.05) | 0.03(0.02,0.04) | 0.03(0.02,0.04) | 0.591 | 0.063 |
Homeostatic dysregulation | 1.61(1.58,1.63) | 1.64(1.62,1.67) | 1.73(1.70,1.75) | 1.79(1.76,1.82) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Phenotypic age | 48.38(47.81,48.95) | 48.53(47.94,49.13) | 48.92(48.31,49.54) | 49(48.36,49.64) | 0.415 | 0.681 |
Klemera - Doubal method | 41.29(40.79,41.79) | 41.87(41.36,42.39) | 42.76(42.22,43.30) | 43.28(42.72,43.84) | 0.000 | 0.004 |
Allostatic load | 0.27(0.27,0.27) | 0.28(0.27,0.28) | 0.29(0.28,0.29) | 0.30(0.29,0.30) | 0.000 | 0.000 |