Diet quality in young adulthood and sleep at midlife: a prospective analysis in the Bogalusa Heart Study

Nutrition Journal

Table 3 Risk ratios for sleep outcomes by baseline dietary pattern scores by race/ethnicity and education

	model		Quintile of dietary pattern score at baseline (2001–2002)					p for trend	per SD increase ^a	p inter-action ^b
	model		Q1	Q2 ^a	Q3 ^a	Q4 ^a	Q5 ^a	p for trend	per SD increase ^a	p inter-action ^b
Race stratified (n Black = 178, n White = 415)
AHEI 2010
Insomnia risk	Black	1.00		0.50 (0.36, 0.71) ^***	0.77 (0.55, 1.06)	0.76 (0.46, 1.27)	0.69 (0.43, 1.08)	0.506	0.95 (0.77, 1.16)	0.023
Insomnia risk	White	1.00		0.82 (0.65, 1.03)	0.86 (0.69, 1.06)	0.78 (0.65, 0.94) ^**	0.47 (0.30, 0.74) ^**	0.0002	0.84 (0.75, 0.94) ^**	0.023
Education stratified (n low = 233, n high = 360)
HEI 2015
Sleep apnea risk	low	1.00		1.34 (0.95, 1.89)	1.66 (1.08, 2.55) ^*	1.72 (1.06, 2.80) ^*	1.08 (0.64, 1.82)	0.243	1.09 (0.91, 1.31)	0.030
Sleep apnea risk	high	1.00		0.97 (0.64, 1.48)	1.05 (0.77, 1.43)	0.79 (0.51, 1.21)	0.73 (0.49, 1.09)	0.037	0.86 (0.77, 0.95) ^**	0.030
aMed
Sleep apnea risk	low	1.00		1.31 (0.62, 2.79)	1.57 (0.89, 2.76)	1.67 (0.85, 3.31)	1.34 (0.72, 2.49)	0.238	1.12 (0.91, 1.38)	0.030
Sleep apnea risk	high	1.00		0.92 (0.64, 1.32)	0.91 (0.66, 1.25)	0.92 (0.70, 1.21)	0.78 (0.62, 0.98) ^*	0.050	0.92 (0.85, 0.99) ^*	0.030

^a. Risk Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
^b. p for interaction between the dietary pattern trend variable and the effect modifier of interest (race or education [low = high school degree or less; high = some college or higher]).
^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001
Models adjusted for: total energy intake, age, sex, race, education (any college or higher), employed (full or part time), income category, number of people in house, spouse lives in house, total population of census tract, ICE of census tract, smoking status (never, current, former), drinking status (non-, occasional, regular drinker), caffeine intake (mg/d), depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16), body mass index (kg/m²), physical active when not at work (4 or 5 [active or very active] on 5-point self-rating scale)

ISSN: 1475-2891