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Table 3 Subgroup analyses on the association of SMD scores with the risk of esophageal cancer

From: Association between sulfur microbial diet and the risk of esophageal cancer: a prospective cohort study in 101,752 American adults

Subgroup variable

No. of cases

 

Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) Sulfur Microbial Diet Scores a

P for trend

P for interaction

Person-years

Quartile 1 (≤ 18)

Quartile 2 (19–20)

Quartile 3 (21–22)

Quartile 4 (≥ 23)

Age (years)

       

0.600

 ≤ 65

61

470143.53

1.00 (reference)

0.86 (0.37, 1.99)

1.09 (0.49, 2.42)

1.87 (0.92, 3.80)

0.042

 

 > 65

93

430510.50

1.00 (reference)

0.90 (0.48, 1.68)

1.34 (0.76, 2.38)

1.36 (0.76, 2.43)

0.236

 

Sex

       

0.523

 Male

131

433166.85

1.00 (reference)

1.03 (0.60, 1.80)

1.45 (0.87, 2.43)

1.74 (1.05, 2.86)

0.018

 

 Female

23

467487.18

1.00 (reference)

0.48 (0.13, 1.79)

0.75 (0.22, 2.48)

1.42 (0.50, 4.02)

0.597

 

Body mass index (kg/m2)

       

0.236

 ≤ 30

114

699902.04

1.00 (reference)

1.23 (0.70, 2.17)

1.50 (0.86, 2.62)

2.07 (1.22, 3.52)

0.005

 

 > 30

40

200751.99

1.00 (reference)

0.31 (0.10, 0.97)

0.82 (0.35, 1.93)

0.84 (0.37, 1.91)

0.951

 

Physical activity (min/week)

       

0.184

 ≤Medium b

62

457406.83

1.00 (reference)

0.77 (0.36, 1.64)

1.00 (0.49, 2.03)

0.92 (0.45, 1.86)

0.891

 

 > Medium b

92

443247.20

1.00 (reference)

1.02 (0.53, 1.98)

1.58 (0.86, 2.93)

2.58 (1.46, 4.57)

0.001

 

Smoking status

       

0.981

 Never

34

436496.59

1.00 (reference)

0.73 (0.26, 2.02)

1.26 (0.50, 3.17)

1.49 (0.58, 3.79)

0.373

 

 Current/Former

120

464157.45

1.00 (reference)

0.96 (0.54, 1.71)

1.31 (0.76, 2.25)

1.71 (1.03, 2.85)

0.022

 

Aspirin consumption

       

0.008

 No

82

481469.63

1.00 (reference)

1.30 (0.70, 2.43)

0.85 (0.42, 1.74)

1.90 (1.04, 3.47)

0.045

 

 Yes

72

419184.40

1.00 (reference)

0.47 (0.19, 1.14)

1.71 (0.91, 3.23)

1.37 (0.71, 2.66)

0.177

 

History of diabetes

       

0.626

 No

143

844507.89

1.00 (reference)

0.98 (0.59, 1.64)

1.36 (0.84, 2.21)

1.79 (1.12, 2.84)

0.008

 

 Yes

11

56146.14

1.00 (reference)

0.24 (0.02, 2.33)

0.62 (0.12, 3.16)

0.57 (0.12, 2.75)

0.655

 

History of hypertension

       

0.502

 No

97

613252.76

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (0.52, 1.92)

1.68 (0.94, 3.02)

1.94 (1.09, 3.46)

0.014

 

 Yes

57

287401.27

1.00 (reference)

0.77 (0.35, 1.67)

0.78 (0.35, 1.71)

1.23 (0.61, 2.46)

0.505

 

Energy intake from diet (kcal/day)

       

0.437

 ≤Medium c

67

450579.80

1.00 (reference)

0.88 (0.39, 1.96)

1.36 (0.67, 2.79)

1.18 (0.58, 2.42)

0.554

 

 > Medium c

87

450074.23

1.00 (reference)

0.90 (0.47, 1.70)

1.15 (0.61, 2.14)

2.00 (1.15, 3.49)

0.007

 
  1. aHazard ratios were adjusted for age(years), sex (male, female), race (white, non-white), marital status (married or living as married, other), education level (college below, college graduate, postgraduate), smoking status (never, current, former), pack-years of smoking (continuous), body mass index (kg/m2), aspirin use (no, yes), history of diabetes (no, yes), history of hypertension (no, yes), energy intake from diet (kcal/day), physical activity (min/week), intake of pickled vegetables/fruit(g/day)
  2. bThe median value of physical activity was 105 min/week in the study
  3. cThe median value of energy intake from diet was 1607.53 kcal/day in this study
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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