Association between sulfur microbial diet and the risk of esophageal cancer: a prospective cohort study in 101,752 American adults

Table 4 Sensitivity analyses on the association of sulfur microbial diet scores with the risk of esophageal cancer ^a

Categories	No. of Participants	No. of Cases	Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) by Sulfur Microbial Diet Scores ^a				P for trend
Categories	No. of Participants	No. of Cases	Quartile 1 (≤ 18)	Quartile 2 (19–20)	Quartile 3 (21–22)	Quartile 4 (≥ 23)	P for trend
Excluded participants with a family history of esophageal cancer ^b	98,281	147	1.00 (reference)	0.87 (0.52, 1.45)	1.31 (0.82, 2.10)	1.62 (1.03, 2.55)	0.020
Excluded participants who were in control group ^c	51,816	69	1.00 (reference)	1.53 (0.68, 3.42)	1.62 (0.73, 3.61)	2.59 (1.23, 5.45)	0.008
Excluded participants with extreme body mass index ^d	99,761	152	1.00 (reference)	0.92 (0.56, 1.52)	1.31 (0.82, 2.09)	1.62 (1.04, 2.55)	0.020
Excluded participants with extreme energy intake ^e	100,276	150	1.00 (reference)	0.88 (0.53, 1.47)	1.26 (0.79, 2.01)	1.60 (1.02, 2.51)	0.023
Excluded physical activity from covariates ^f	101,752	154	1.00 (reference)	0.90 (0.54, 1.48)	1.27 (0.80, 2.02)	1.61 (1.03, 2.50)	0.020
Excluded cases observed within the first 1 years of follow-up	101,740	142	1.00 (reference)	0.88 (0.52, 1.47)	1.23 (0.76, 1.98)	1.51 (0.95, 2.39)	0.052

a HR were adjusted for age(years), sex (male, female), race (white, non-white), marital status (married or living as married, other), education level (college below, college graduate, postgraduate), smoking status (never, current, former), pack-years of smoking (continuous), body mass index (kg/m²), aspirin use (no, yes), history of diabetes (no, yes), history of hypertension (no, yes), energy intake from diet (kcal/day), physical activity (min/week), and intake of pickled vegetables/fruit(g/day)
b HR was not adjusted for family history of esophageal cancer
c HR was not adjusted for control group
d HR was not adjusted for extreme BMI
e HR was not adjusted for extreme energy intake
f physical activity has a high missingness of more than 25%, which may have a significant impact on the results

ISSN: 1475-2891