Breakfast skipping is linked to a higher risk of major depressive disorder and the role of gut microbes: a mendelian randomization study

Table 1 Pleiotropy and heterogeneity analysis for breakfast skipping and major depressive disorder

Exposure	Outcome	SNP (N)	Cochran Q (P)		Intercept-Egger (P)	MR-PRESSO RSSobs (P)
Exposure	Outcome	SNP (N)	MR-Egger	IVW	Intercept-Egger (P)	MR-PRESSO RSSobs (P)
Breakfast skipping	Major depressive disorder	6	3.20 (0.524)	3.58 (0.611)	-0.005 (0.573)	4.83 (0.647)
Major depressive disorder	Breakfast skipping	50	68.67 (0.027)	74.22 (0.012)	0.004 (0.054)	77.74 (0.012)

Note MR_PRESSO, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; P, P value; N, number

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