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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population, according to the extreme quintiles of amino acid intake

From: Dietary amino acids intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: results from the Golestan Cohort Study

Variables

Total

(n = 47,337)

Essential amino acids

Non-essential amino acids

Branched-chain amino acids

Aromatic amino acids

Sulfur-containing amino acids

Q1

(n = 9,459)

< 19.98 g/day

Q5

(n = 9,395)

> 33.93 g/day

Q1

(n = 9,456)

< 34.44 g/day

Q5

(n = 9,394)

> 55.95 g/day

Q1

(n = 9,459)

< 1.01 g/day

Q5

(n = 9,394)

> 15.68 g/day

Q1

(n = 9,458)

< 5.02 g/day

Q5

(n = 9,395)

> 8.27 g/day

Q1

(n = 9,458)

< 2.07 g/day

Q5

(n = 9,396)

> 3.45 g/day

Age (years)

 

51.9 (8.9)

52.8 (9.1)

52.2 (9.0)

53.1 (9.2)

51.9 (8.9)*

52.8 (9.1)

52.1 (9.0)*

52.9 (9.2)

52.0 (8.9)*

53.0 (9.2)

52.0 (8.9)*

Sex (%)

Female

57.7

25.4

14.7*

25.9

13.8*

25.5

14.4*

25.8

14.1*

25.8

14.4*

Male

42.3

12.6

26.9*

11.8

28.1*

12.4

27.3*

12.1

27.7*

12.1

27.3*

BMI (kg/m2)

 

26.6 (5.4)

25.8 (5.6)

27.1 (5.2)*

25.8 (5.6)

27.1 (5.2)*

25.7 (5.6)

27.2 (5.2)*

25.7 (5.6)

27.1 (5.2)*

25.8 (5.6)

27.1 (5.2)*

Cigarette smoking (%)

Never

82.8

21.1

18.6*

21.2

18.5*

21.2

18.6*

21.2

18.5*

21.2

18.6*

Ever

17.2

14.4

25.7*

14.0

26.5*

14.2

25.9*

14.3

26.3*

14.1

26.0*

Education (%)

Illiterate

69.8

23.9

16.9*

23.6

17.1*

23.9

16.8*

23.8

17.0*

23.6

17.2*

≤ 5 years

17.1

13.7

22.5*

13.9

22.7*

13.6

22.5*

13.8

22.6*

13.9

22.8*

6–8 yeas

4.5

9.0

29.2*

9.6

28.3*

9.1

29.3*

9.2

28.9*

10.2

18.6*

9–12 years

6.4

7.1

31.9*

8.8

30.8*

7.1

32.5*

7.6

31.6*

8.6

29.6*

University

2.2

4.3

37.3*

6.0

35.3*

5.6

37.6*

5.0

37.0*

6.1

33.9*

Physical activity (%)

Low

34.2

24.1

17.7*

24.8

16.8*

24.2

17.4*

24.6

17.1*

24.5

17.3*

Medium

32.5

19.5

19.2*

19.7

18.6*

19.5

19.1*

19.5

18.9*

19.8

18.8*

High

33.3

15.4

23.0*

14.3

24.4*

15.3

23.3*

14.7

23.9*

14.6

23.7*

Opiate (%)

Never

83.2

19.6

19.6

19.5

19.5

19.5

19.6

19.5

19.6

19.5

19.5

Ever

16.8

22.1

21.0

22.1

21.5

22.2

21.1

22.3

21.3

22.1

21.3

Alcohol (%)

Never

96.5

20.4

19.3*

20.4

19.3*

20.4

19.3*

20.4

19.3*

20.3

19.4*

Ever

3.5

8.9

33.7*

9.4

33.5*

8.8

33.9*

9.1

33.7*

9.8

32.5*

Wealth index (%)

Low

35.1

28.7

15.3*

26.4

16.5*

28.5

15.3*

27.7

15.8*

26.8

16.3*

Medium

31.2

19.3

18.8*

19.6

19.3*

19.3

18.9*

19.5

19.1*

19.5

19.3*

High

33.6

11.5

25.5*

13.6

23.8*

11.7

25.5*

12.4

24.7*

13.3

24.1*

Diabetes mellitus (%)

No

93.3

20.2

19.4*

20.1

19.4*

20.2

19.4*

20.1

19.4*

20.2

19.4*

Yes

6.7

16.5

26.6*

17.9

25.8*

16.9

26.5*

17.7

25.9*

17.2

16.3*

Hypertension (%)

No

80.5

19.3

20.0*

19.1

20.2*

19.2

20.0*

19.1

20.1*

19.1

20.1*

Yes

19.4

22.8

19.3*

23.6

18.3*

23.0

19.1*

23.5

18.8*

23.3

18.8*

Total energy intake (kcal/day)

 

2129.0 (1778.8–2498.0)

1539.7 (1282.0-1773.0)

2746.4 (2429.6-3137.1)*

1493.6 (1254.7-1698.8)

2814.6 (2532.3-3172.1)*

1528 (1274.4-1752.9)

2767.6 (2457.5-3149.3)*

1509.6 (1262.9-1721.8)

2795.1 (2500.7-3163.6)*

1520.8 (1267.7–1743.0)

2772.2 (2459.7-3154.2)*

Total lipid intake (g/day)

 

73.8 (60.1–88.5)

53.8 (43.0–64.0)

96.5 (83.5-111.3)*

54.7 (43.4–65.6)

96.3 (83.5-111.2)*

53.8 (42.9–64.0)

96.7 (83.9-111.4)*

54.1 (43.1–64.4)

96.7 (84.0-111.5)*

54.9 (43.7–66.1)

95.4 (82.4-110.4)*

Total protein intake (g/day)

 

73.2 (59.6–88.4)

47.8 (40.6–52.9)

106.3 (98.2-120.1)*

47.8 (40.6–52.6)

106.3 (98.4-120.1)*

47.8 (40.6–52.8)

106.3 (98.4-120.1)*

47.8 (40.6–52.6)

106.3 (98.4-120.1)*

47.8 (40.6–52.6)

106.3 (98.4-120.1)*

  1. Variables expressed as mean (SD), median (25th percentile – 75th percentile), or percentage
  2. P-trend was tested with linear regression (continuous variables) or with Chi-square test (categorical variables)
  3. *P-value < 0.05 for trend across quintiles
  4. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; Q, quintile
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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