Table 2 Environmental impacts and cost of the Mediterranean diet pattern (n=17,079)
| Â | Mediterranean Diet Scorea | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impact | Quintile 1 (n=3,977) | Quintile 2 (n=3,832) | Quintile 3 (n=3,782) | Quintile 4 (n=2,852) | Quintile 5 (n=2,636) | P-trendb | |||||
Mean (95% CI) per capita per day | |||||||||||
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2eq) | 5.90 (5.76-6.05) | 5.40 (52-5.5.28) | 5.09 (4.9-5.27) | 4.68 (4.55-4.81) | 4.40 (4.2-4.61) | <0.001 | |||||
Cumulative energy demand (MJ) | 28.42 (27.75-29.09) | 26.89 (26.24-27.54) | 27.28 (26.59-27.98) | 27.00 (26.2-27.8) | 29.50 (28.16-30.83) | 0.336 | |||||
Water scarcity footprint (L eq × 102) | 32.77 (31.58-33.95) | 34.74 (33.5-35.98) | 36.63 (35.29-37.96) | 39.81(38.26-41.37) | 44.42 (42.6-46.23) | <0.001 | |||||
Land use (m2) | 22.28 (21.39-23.18) | 19.49 (18.34-20.63) | 17.50 (16.42-18.59) | 14.96 (14.01-15.91) | 11.28 (10.28-12.27) | <0.001 | |||||
Fertilizer nutrient use (kg × 10-3) | 93.62 (91.77-95.47) | 87.42 (85.28-89.56) | 84.47 (82.32-86.61) | 79.57 (77.55-81.6) | 72.59 (70.72-74.47) | <0.001 | |||||
Pesticide use (kg × 10-3) | 2.49 (2.42-2.56) | 2.42 (2.33-2.51) | 2.38 (2.3-2.46) | 2.31 (2.24-2.39) | 2.18 (2.1-2.27) | <0.001 | |||||
Diet cost (US $) | 15.34 (14.8-15.89) | 16.28 (15.68-16.89) | 16.25 (15.72-16.78) | 17.66 (17.11-18.22) | 18.64 (17.96-19.32) | <0.001 | |||||