Trajectories of plant-based diet indices and the associated risk of hypertension among Chinese adults: a cohort study based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2004–2015

Table 2 Hazard ratios (95% CI) for risk of hypertension per trajectory class of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI in the China Health and Nutrition Study 2004–2015 cohort study

	Participants, n	Incidents rate ^a	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	Participants, n	Incidents rate ^a	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
PDI trajectories
Low and stable	1438	24.3	Reference	NA	Reference	NA	Reference	NA
Low and increasing	859	20.4	0.86 (0.71, 1.03)	0.10	0.90 (0.75, 1.09)	0.27	0.92 (0.76, 1.12)	0.42
High and decreasing	556	22.3	0.84 (0.68, 1.03)	0.10	0.80 (0.65, 0.99)	0.04	0.77 (0.62, 0.95)	0.01
hPDI trajectories
Low and stable	1677	25.7	Reference	NA	Reference	NA	Reference	NA
High and stable	1176	18.4	0.75 (0.64, 0.89)	< 0.001	0.80 (0.67, 0.96)	0.02	0.76 (0.64, 0.91)	0.003
uPDI trajectories
Low and decreasing	347	15.3	Reference	NA	Reference	NA	Reference	NA
High and decreasing	1231	22.2	1.54 (1.15, 2.06)	0.004	1.39 (1.03, 1.88)	0.03	1.43 (1.06, 1.94)	0.02
High and stable	342	27.8	1.77 (1.26, 2.48)	< 0.001	1.70 (1.21, 2.38)	0.002	1.77 (1.26, 2.49)	< 0.001
Low and increasing	933	24.4	1.75 (1.30, 2.36)	< 0.001	1.61 (1.19, 2.18)	0.002	1.72 (1.26, 2.33)	< 0.001

Results were obtained from cox regressions models; Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; Model 2: additionally adjusted for marital status, urban residence, education, and income; Model 3, further adjusted for smoking, drinking, BMI, MET, and daily energy intake
Abbreviations: PDI, plant-based diet index; hPDI, healthful plant-based diet index; uPDI, unhealthful plant-based diet index; HR, hazard ratios; CI, confidence interval
^a Incident rate is reported as per 1000 person years

ISSN: 1475-2891