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Table 3 Metabolic and endocrine hormonal status at baseline and after 8 weeks of the intervention

From: The effects of portfolio moderate-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets on anthropometric indices, metabolic status, and hormonal levels in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Variables

 

PLCD (n = 21)

KD (n = 19)

MD (CI%95)

P-value†

P-value

FBG (mg/dl)

Baseline

95.95 (4.60)

96.21 (4.68)

-0.26

0.850

P < 0.05*

8 weeks

90.90 (3.88)

87.94 (2.67)

2.95

0.030

P < 0.05**

MD (CI%95)

5.00 (3.00, 6.99)

8.84 (7.57, 10.10)

   

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

   

Insulin (µU/ml)

Baseline

24.74 (3.83)

27.57 (3.17)

-2.83

0.009

P < 0.05*

8 weeks

17.50 (3.48)

14.45 (3.10)

3.04

0.006

P < 0.05**

MD(CI%95)

7.35 (5.76, 8.93)

13.44(12.34, 14.55)

   

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

   

HOMA-IR

Baseline

5.87 (1.05)

6.56 (0.92)

-0.68

0.023

P < 0.05*

8 weeks

3.93 (0.82)

3.15 (0.75)

0.78

0.003

P < 0.05**

MD(CI%95)

1.96 (1.58, 2.35)

3.53 (3.24, 3.81)

   

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

   

HOMA-B

Baseline

15.17 (2.32)

16.85 (2.62)

-1.67

0.027

P = 0.071*

8 weeks

12.71 (2.79)

11.78 (2.40)

0.92

0.269

P = 0.075**

MD(CI%95)

2.57 (1.07, 4.06)

4.94 (3.92, 5.96)

 

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

TC (mg/dl)

Baseline

224.21 (33.37)

230.21 (17.55)

-6.00

0.449

P < 0.05*

8 weeks

185.09 (16.81)

193.94 (15.47)

-8.85

0.092

P = 0.030**

MD(CI%95)

44.38 (36.10, 52.65)

38.15 (34.36, 41.95)

 

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

TG (mg/dl)

Baseline

266.86 (32.85)

272.04 (34.72)

-5.17

0.606

P < 0.05*

8 weeks

228.66 (37.29)

214.42 (31.97)

14.24

0.205

P < 0.05**

MD(CI%95)

40.71(35.81, 45.61)

61.42 (50.96, 71.87)

 

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

LDL-C (mg/dl)

Baseline

133.95 (13.69)

134.86 (14.75)

-0.91

0.829

P < 0.05*

8 weeks

100.00 (11.89)

111.52 (11.22)

-11.52

0.003

P < 0.05**

MD(CI%95)

33.80 (30.46, 37.15)

21.52 (14.71, 28.33)

 

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

HDL-C (mg/dl)

Baseline

50.21(10.18)

48.04 (8.91)

2.17

0.445

P < 0.05*

8 weeks

65.04 (8.91)

59.52 (9.54)

5.52

0.052

P < 0.05**

MD(CI%95)

-13.71 (-15.46, -11.96)

-10.42 (-12.71, -8.13)

 

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

LAP (cm. mmol/L)

Baseline

138.43 (32.44)

146.90 (45.75)

-8.46

0.047

P < 0.05*

8 weeks

111.30 (26.43)

102.53 (38.25)

8.77

0.040

P < 0.05**

MD(CI%95)

28.37 (23.81, 32.93)

44.37 (59.15, 45.43)

 

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

VAI

Baseline

4.86 (1.17)

5.36 (1.26)

-0.39

0.25

P = 608.0*

8 weeks

3.20 (60.0)

3.37 (76.0)

-0.16

0.44

P = 628.0**

MD(CI%95)

1.66 (1.33, 1.98)

1.99 (1.60, 2.37)

 

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

LH (mIU/ml)

Baseline

12.15 (1.82)

12.10 (1.95)

0.04

0.93

P < 0.05*

8 weeks

9.69 (0.97)

7.97 (2.38)

1.71

0.00

P < 0.05**

MD (CI%95)

2.48 (1.98, 2.98)

4.38 (3.72, 5.05)

 

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

FSH (mIU/ml)

Baseline

4.39 (2.17)

4.06 (1.30)

0.32

0.85

P < 0.05*

8 weeks

4.63 (2.14)

4.74 (1.41)

-0.10

0.53

P < 0.05**

MD(CI%95)

-0.24 (-0.54, -0.35)

-0.68 (-0.69, -0.40)

 

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

Testosterone (ng/ml)

Baseline

0.61 (0.13)

0.67 (0.10)

-0.05

0.12

P < 0.05*

8 weeks

0.48 (0.16)

0.49 (0.09)

-0.01

0.79

P < 0.05**

MD(CI%95)

0.12 (0.07, 0.17)

0.18 (0.15, 0.20)

 

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

DHEA-s(µg/ml)

Baseline

2.09 (0.59)

2.34 (0.55)

-0.24

0.15

P = 0.071*

8 weeks

1.86 (0.55)

1.93 (0.52)

-0.07

0.64

P = 0.075**

MD(CI%95)

0.23 (0.17, 0.34)

0.41 (-0.69, -0.40)

 

P-value

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

Ferriman Gallway Score

Baseline

12.34 (2.91)

12.82 (2.44)

-0.47

0.55

P = 0.771*

8 weeks

11.52 (2.18)

12.05 (2.30)

-0.52

0.457

 

MD(CI%95)

0.71 (-1.9, 1.62)

0.80 (1.01, 1.08)

 

P-value

0.118

0.12

  1. Data are expressed as mean (SD) and mean difference (95%CI)
  2. †Indicate comparison between groups at baseline (Independent samples t-test for baseline)
  3. *Indicate comparison between groups based on ANOVA without adjustment
  4. **Indicate comparison between groups based on ANOVA adjusted for baseline measures and confounding factors (age, baseline BMI, physical activity, and, energy intake)
  5. §Indicate comparison between groups based on ANOVA adjusted for baseline measures and confounding factors (age, physical activity, resting metabolite rate, and, energy intake)
  6. Abbreviations: FBS fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA_B homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein, LAP lipid accumulation products, VAI visceral adipose index, LH luteinizing hormone, FSH follicle-stimulating hormone, DHEA-s dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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