Fig. 3

Scatter plot for of the associations between spirits intake and RA risk. Each point in the scatter plot represents an IV (genetic variant). The line on each point reflects the 95% CI, and the horizontal coordinate is the effect of SNPs on spirits intake. The vertical coordinate is the effect of SNPs on RA. SNP effects were plotted as lines for the IVW (red line), MR-Egger (blue line), simple mode (green line), weighted median (purple line), and weighted mode (orange line) methods. The slope of each line represents the causal estimation. A positive slope indicates that spirits intake had a positive effect on RA risk. Note A shot of spirits (whisky or Baijiu), about 30 mL, with an alcohol content of 40% [29]. MR, Mendelian randomization; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism