Table 2 Multivariable analysis on the association of ALI and vitamin D with all-cause and respiratory disease mortality among US patients with asthma aged 20 years or older, NHANES, 2001–2018

All-cause mortality

Advanced lung cancer inflammation index

As continuous (per 10U increment)

0.96 [0.93, 0.99]

0.003

0.96 [0.94, 0.99]

0.008

0.97 [0.94, 1.00]

0.032

Binaries

 Lower ALI (≤ 50.07)

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Higher ALI (> 50.07)

0.60 [0.50, 0.73]

< 0.001

0.61 [0.51, 0.74]

< 0.001

0.64 [0.53, 0.78]

< 0.001

Serum vitamin D concentrations

As continuous (per 10nmol/L increment)

0.90 [0.86, 0.94]

< 0.001

0.90 [0.86, 0.95]

< 0.001

0.92 [0.88, 0.96]

< 0.001

Vitamin D categories

 ≥ 50 nmol/L

Ref

Ref

Ref

 30 to < 50 nmol/L

1.34 [1.09, 1.65]

0.006

1.57 [1.27, 1.95]

< 0.001

1.34 [1.08, 1.67]

0.008

 < 30 nmol/L

2.00 [1.50, 2.67]

< 0.001

2.58 [1.87, 3.54]

< 0.001

2.06 [1.50, 2.83]

< 0.001

Respiratory disease Mortality

Advanced lung cancer inflammation index

As continuous (per 10U increment)

0.82 [0.74, 0.90]

< 0.001

0.82 [0.75, 0.90]

< 0.001

0.85 [0.77, 0.93]

< 0.001

Binaries

 Lower ALI (≤ 50.07)

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Higher ALI (> 50.07)

0.31 [0.19, 0.49]

< 0.001

0.30 [0.18, 0.48]

< 0.001

0.34 [0.21, 0.55]

< 0.001

Serum vitamin D concentrations

As continuous (per 10nmol/L increment)

0.89 [0.82, 0.98]

0.015

0.85 [0.77, 0.94]

0.001

0.84 [0.76, 0.93]

0.001

Vitamin D categories

 ≥ 50 nmol/L

Ref

Ref

Ref

 30 to < 50 nmol/L

1.09 [0.62, 1.89]

0.772

1.43 [0.81, 2.53]

0.218

1.56 [0.86, 2.85]

0.147

 < 30 nmol/L

2.28 [1.12, 4.64]

0.023

3.10 [1.45, 6.66]

0.004

2.73 [1.24, 6.00]

0.012