Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression between adherence to the dietary patterns and CKD in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes

Endpoints

Traditional southern dietary pattern

Total

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P for trend

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

CKD

 n (%)

2611 (45.7)

669 (46.8)

633 (44.3)

662 (46.4)

647 (45.3)

 Crude model

0.96 (0.91, 1.01)

0.13

1.00 (Ref)

0.90 (0.78, 1.05)

0.18

0.98 (0.85, 1.14)

0.79

0.94 (0.81, 1.09)

0.4

0.58

 Model 1

0.96 (0.91, 1.01)

0.1

1.00 (Ref)

0.93 (0.80, 1.08)

0.35

0.99 (0.85, 1.15)

0.85

0.93 (0.80, 1.08)

0.37

0.47

 Model 2

0.95 (0.89, 1.00)

0.06

1.00 (Ref)

0.91 (0.78, 1.07)

0.25

0.99 (0.84,1.16)

0.9

0.93 (0.79, 1.09)

0.37

0.52

Albuminuria

 n (%)

2335 (40.9)

582 (40.8)

559 (39.1)

600 (42)

594 (41.6)

 Crude model

0.99 (0.94, 1.05)

0.82

1.00 (Ref)

0.94 (0.80, 1.09)

0.38

1.05 (0.91, 1.22)

0.5

1.03 (0.89, 1.20)

0.66

0.43

 Model 1

0.99 (0.93, 1.04)

0.59

1.00 (Ref)

0.95 (0.81, 1.10)

0.48

1.05 (0.90, 1.22)

0.55

1.02 (0.87, 1.18)

0.84

0.63

 Model 2

0.97 (0.92, 1.03)

0.34

1.00 (Ref)

0.91 (0.78, 1.08)

0.28

1.05 (0.89, 1.23)

0.55

1.02 (0.94, 1.10)

0.99

0.7

eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²

 n (%)

661 (11.6)

181 (12.7)

154 (10.8)

170 (11.9)

156 (10.9)

 Crude model

0.94 (0.87, 1.03)

0.17

1.00 (Ref)

0.84 (0.67, 1.05)

0.13

0.93 (0.75, 1.17)

0.55

0.84 (0.67, 1.06)

0.14

0.23

 Model 1

0.96 (0.88, 1.04)

0.3

1.00 (Ref)

0.93 (0.73, 1.17)

0.52

0.99 (0.79, 1.25)

0.96

0.89 (0.70, 1.12)

0.31

0.38

 Model 2

0.97 (0.89, 1.06)

0.47

1.00 (Ref)

0.97 (0.76, 1.25)

0.84

1.02 (0.80, 1.29)

0.9

0.91 (0.71, 1.17)

0.47

0.5

Endpoints

High-protein dietary pattern

Total

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P for trend

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

CKD

 n (%)

2611 (45.7)

670 (46.9)

679 (47.5)

652 (45.7)

610 (42.7)

 Crude model

0.93 (0.88, 0.98)

0.005

1.00 (Ref)

1.03 (0.89, 1.19)

0.74

0.95 (0.82, 1.10)

0.5

0.84 (0.73, 0.98)

0.02

0.01

 Model 1

0.98 (0.93, 1.04)

0.48

1.00 (Ref)

1.11 (0.96, 1.29)

0.17

1.07 (0.92, 1.25)

0.38

0.98 (0.84, 1.14)

0.78

0.55

 Model 2

1.00 (0.94, 1.06)

0.95

1.00 (Ref)

1.13 (0.97, 1.33)

0.12

1.11 (0.95, 1.30)

0.2

1.02 (0.87, 1.20)

0.83

0.94

Albuminuria

 n (%)

2335 (40.9)

584 (40.9)

603 (42.2)

598 (41.9)

550 (38.5)

 Crude model

0.95 (0.90, 1.00)

0.04

1.00 (Ref)

1.06 (0.91, 1.23)

0.47

1.04 (0.90, 1.21)

0.6

0.90 (0.78, 1.05)

0.19

0.13

 Model 1

1.00 (0.95, 1.06)

0.98

1.00 (Ref)

1.14 (0.98, 1.32)

0.1

1.17 (1.00, 1.36)

0.05

1.04 (0.89, 1.22)

0.59

0.72

 Model 2

1.02 (0.96, 1.08)

0.55

1.00 (Ref)

1.17 (1.00, 1.38)

0.05

1.23 (1.04, 1.44)

0.01

1.10 (0.94, 1.30)

0.25

0.33

eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²

 n (%)

661 (11.6)

205 (14.4)

176 (12.3)

131 (9.2)

149 (10.4)

 Crude model

0.85 (0.78, 0.92)

0.001

1.00 (Ref)

0.84 (0.68, 1.04)

0.12

0.60 (0.48, 0.76)

< 0.001

0.69 (0.55, 0.87)

0.002

< 0.001

 Model 1

0.86 (0.79, 0.94)

0.001

1.00 (Ref)

0.89 (0.71, 1.11)

0.3

0.64 (0.50, 0.81)

< 0.001

0.72 (0.57, 0.92)

0.01

0.002

 Model 2

0.87 (0.79, 0.95)

0.003

1.00 (Ref)

0.90 (0.71, 1.13)

0.37

0.65 (0.51, 0.84)

< 0.001

0.73 (0.57, 0.94)

0.01

0.004

Endpoints

Balanced dietary pattern

Total

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P for trend

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

CKD

 n (%)

2611 (45.7)

701 (49.1)

684 (47.9)

654 (45.8)

572 (40.0)

 Crude model

0.87 (0.82, 0.92)

< 0.001

1.00 (Ref)

0.95 (0.82, 1.10)

0.53

0.88 (0.76, 1.02)

0.08

0.69 (0.60, 0.80)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Model 1

0.87 (0.82, 0.91)

< 0.001

1.00 (Ref)

0.95 (0.82, 1.10)

0.48

0.85 (0.74, 0.99)

0.04

0.69 (0.59, 0.80)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Model 2

0.88 (0.83, 0.93)

< 0.001

1.00 (Ref)

0.99 (0.85, 1.16)

0.89

0.89 (0.76, 1.04)

0.15

0.73 (0.62, 0.86)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Albuminuria

 n (%)

2335 (40.9)

620 (43.4)

612 (42.9)

593 (41.5)

510 (35.7)

 Crude model

0.89 (0.84, 0.93)

< 0.001

1.00 (Ref)

0.98 (0.84, 1.13)

0.76

0.93 (0.80, 1.07)

0.31

0.72 (0.62, 0.84)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Model 1

0.88 (0.84, 0.93)

< 0.001

1.00 (Ref)

0.98 (0.85, 1.14)

0.82

0.90 (0.78, 1.05)

0.19

0.72 (0.62, 0.84)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Model 2

0.90 (0.85, 0.95)

< 0.001

1.00 (Ref)

1.03 (0.88, 1.21)

0.69

0.95 (0.81, 1.11)

0.52

0.77 (0.65, 0.91)

0.002

< 0.001

eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²

 n (%)

661 (11.6)

199 (13.9)

178 (12.5)

153 (10.7)

131 (9.2)

 Crude model

0.83 (0.76, 0.90)

< 0.001

1.00 (Ref)

0.88 (0.71, 1.09)

0.25

0.74 (0.59, 0.93)

0.01

0.62 (0.49, 0.79)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Model 1

0.82 (0.75, 0.90)

< 0.001

1.00 (Ref)

0.83 (0.66, 1.04)

0.11

0.73 (0.58, 0.92)

0.01

0.60 (0.47, 0.77)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Model 2

0.81 (0.74, 0.88)

< 0.001

1.00 (Ref)

0.84 (0.66, 1.06)

0.14

0.74 (0.58, 0.94)

0.01

0.59 (0.46, 0.76)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Endpoints

Imbalanced dietary pattern

Total

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P for trend

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

OR(95% CI)

P value

CKD

 n (%)

2611 (45.7)

621 (43.5)

643 (45.0)

659 (46.1)

688 (48.1)

 Crude model

1.07 (1.01, 1.13)

0.01

1.00 (Ref)

1.06 (0.92, 1.23)

0.41

1.11 (0.96, 1.29)

0.15

1.21 (1.04, 1.40)

0.01

0.01

 Model 1

1.08 (1.02, 1.14)

0.006

1.00 (Ref)

1.08 (0.93, 1.25)

0.34

1.14 (0.98, 1.32)

0.1

1.25 (1.07, 1.45)

0.004

0.005

 Model 2

1.08 (1.02, 1.14)

0.008

1.00 (Ref)

1.01 (0.86, 1.18)

0.9

1.15 (0.98, 1.35)

0.09

1.25 (1.07, 1.46)

0.006

0.005

Albuminuria

 n (%)

2335 (40.9)

568 (39.8)

570 (39.9)

589 (41.2)

608 (42.5)

 Crude model

1.04 (0.99, 1.10)

0.15

1.00 (Ref)

1.01 (0.87, 1.17)

0.94

1.06 (0.92, 1.23)

0.42

1.12 (0.97, 1.30)

0.13

0.14

 Model 1

1.04 (0.99, 1.10)

0.12

1.00 (Ref)

1.01 (0.87, 1.17)

0.92

1.07 (0.92, 1.24)

0.39

1.14 (0.98, 1.32)

0.1

0.11

 Model 2

1.04 (0.98, 1.10)

0.22

1.00 (Ref)

0.93 (0.79, 1.09)

0.38

1.07 (0.91, 1.25)

0.41

1.12 (0.95, 1.31)

0.17

0.16

eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²

 n (%)

661 (11.6)

148 (10.4)

161 (11.3)

170 (11.9)

182 (12.7)

 Crude model

1.10 (1.01, 1.20)

0.03

1.00 (Ref)

1.10 (0.87, 1.39)

0.47

1.17 (0.93, 1.48)

0.19

1.27 (1.00, 1.59)

0.046

0.04

 Model 1

1.13 (1.03, 1.23)

0.01

1.00 (Ref)

1.16 (0.91, 1.49)

0.23

1.28 (1.00, 1.63)

0.05

1.37 (1.08, 1.74)

0.010

0.007

 Model 2

1.14 (1.04, 1.25)

0.005

1.00 (Ref)

1.21 (0.94, 1.55)

0.15

1.33 (1.04, 1.71)

0.03

1.41 (1.11, 1.81)

0.006

0.004