Skip to main content

Table 2 Linear regression models on the associations of dietary patterns during childhood on health outcomes at 8y

From: Association between early dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health at age 8: a confirmatory analysis of the European Childhood Obesity Project

 

Body Mass Index

(z-score)

Triglycerides

(lg10)

HDL Cholesterol

(lg10)

HOMA-IR

(lg10)

Systolic Blood

Pressure (P)

Diastolic Blood Pressure (P)

Cardiometabolic

Risk Score

β (95% CI),

P value and R2

β (95% CI),

P value and R2

β (95% CI),

P value and R2

β (95% CI),

P value and R2

β (95% CI),

P value and R2

β (95% CI),

P value and R2

β (95% CI),

P value and R2

Model 1: Cross-sectional: association of the diet at 8y on health outcome at 8 years

PQ-DP at 8y

-0.260 (-0.519, -0.001)

0.049, 13%a

0.010 (-0.035, 0.054)

0.666, 18.6%b

0.016 (-0.013, 0.045)

0.286, 17%c

0.025 (-0.012, 0.062)

0.183, 32.4%d

-0.525 (-6.435, 5.385)

0.861, 27.3%e

4.122 (-0.387, 8.631)

0.073, 18%f

-0.582 (-1.423, 0.258)

0.174, 18.6%g

Model 2: Prospective: association of the diet at 2y on outcome at 8 years

PQ-DP at 2y

0.037 (-0.239, 0.313)

0.794, 12%h

0.056 (0.010, 0.101)

0.017, 18.7%i

-0.034 (-0.065, -0.003)

0.032, 17.7%j

0.014 (-0.026, 0.054)

0.483, 34.9%k

11.400 (5.810, 16.990)

< 0.001, 26.4%l

4.950 (0.014, 9.885)

0.049, 16.4%m

1.086 (0.173, 1.999)

0.020, 21.6%n

Model 3: Prospective: association of the diet at 2y and 8y on outcome at 8 years*

PQ-DP at 2y

and PQ-DP at 8y

-0.247 (-0.553, 0.059)

0.113

0.061 (0.000, 0.121)

0.049

-0.014 (-0.054, 0.027)

0.515

0.025 (-0.026, 0.075)

0.337

13.019 (6.115, 19.924)

< 0.001

7.612 (1.574, 13.650)

0.014

0.733 (-0.462, 1.928)

0.228

.

PQ-DP at 2y

and HC-DP at 8y

0.258 (-0.297, 0812)

0.362

0.042 (-0.040, 0.124)

0.315

-0.044 (-0.100, 0.012)

0.120

0.012 (-0.067, 0.091)

0.758

7.374 (-4.583, 19.331)

0.226

2.546 (-7.470, 12.562)

0.617

0.996 (-0.627, 2.619)

0.228

HC-DP at 2y

and PQ-DP at 8y

-0.249 (-0.595, 0.097)

0.158

0.000 (-0.057, 0.057)

0.991

0.023 (-0.014, 0.060)

0.225

0.016 (-0.036, 0.068)

0.548

1.572 (-5.957, 9.102)

0.681

3.719 (-2.547, 9.985)

0.244

-0.601 (-1.684, 0.482)

0.275

 

12.3%o

18%p

17.8%q

34.4%r

26.2%s

16.5%t

21.3%u

  1. HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Insulin Resistance Index. PQ-DP: Poor-quality dietary pattern group, HC-DP: Health-consious dietary pattern group. All models adjusted by sex, country (reference category: Spain), energy intake at 8y, diet during the first year of life (reference category: Low protein formula), maternal education level (reference category: Low), maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal BMI and BMI z-score at 8y (except when it was the outcome measure and in the Cardiometabolic Risk Score outcome due to collinearity). The R2 for the goodness of fit is provided for each model. Bold numbers: statistically significant. Reference dietary pattern group: HC-DP at 2 years and HC-DP at 8 years. Confounders with effect on the outcome variable: a Belgium (β=-0.630, p = 0.006), maternal BMI (β = 0.080, p < 0.001), smoking during pregnancy (β = 0.330, p = 0.012). b Poland (β = 0.166, p < 0.001), Belgium (β = 0.098, p = 0.008), Italy (β = 0.069, p = 0.005), maternal education level: medium (β=-0.048, p = 0.012), maternal BMI (β = 0.005, p = 0.018). c Poland (β=-0.097, p < 0.001), BMI z-score at 8y (β= -0.018, p < 0.001).d Italy (β=-0.162, p < 0.001), BMI z-score at 8y (β = 0.060, p < 0.001). e Italy (β=-12.560, p < 0.001), Germany (β = 20.611, p < 0.001), Poland (β = 9.524, p < 0.001), BMI z-score at 8y (β = 7.634, p < 0.001), smoking during pregnancy (β = 8.957, p = 0.001), maternal BMI (β = 0.743, p = 0.019). f Germany (β = 18.658, p < 0.001), Italy (β=-9.335, p = 0.001), sex: female (β = 5.153, p = 0.013), diet during the first year of life: breastfed (β=-4.804 p = 0.027). g Poland (β = 2.326, p < 0.001), maternal BMI (β = 0.191, p < 0.001), diet during the first year of life: breastfed (β=-1.029, p = 0.009). h Belgium (β=-0.764, p0.003), smoking during pregnancy (β = 0.386, p = 0.005), maternal BMI (β = 0.076, p < 0.001). i Poland (β = 0.105, p < 0.001), maternal education level: medium (β=-0.056, p = 0.006), mean caloric intake at 8y (β=-0.000, p = 0.016), maternal BMI (β = 0.006, p = 0.023). j Poland (β=-0.074, p < 0.001), BMI z-score at 8y (β=-0.015, p = 0.009), diet during the first year of life: breastfed (β=-0.032, p = 0.029). k Italy (β=-0.167, p = 0.001), BMI z-score at 8y (β = 0.063, p < 0.001). l Italy (β=-17.154, p < 0.001), BMI z-score at 8y (β = 7.340, p < 0.001), maternal BMI (β = 0.880, p = 0.012), smoking during pregnancy (β = 7.471, p = 0.014). m Germany (β = 17.753, p < 0.001) Italy (β=-8.170, p = 0.008). n Poland (β = 1.658, p = 0.002), maternal BMI (β = 0.188, p < 0.001), mean caloric intake (β = 0.002, p = 0.036), smoking during pregnancy (β = 0.886, p = 0.041). o Belgium (β=-0.597, p = 0.018), maternal BMI (β = 0.075, p < 0.001), smoking during pregnancy (β = 0.430, p = 0.002). p Poland (β = 0.101, p < 0.001), maternal education level: medium (β=-0.055, p = 0.007), mean caloric intake (β = 0.000, p = 0.025), maternal BMI (β = 0.006, p = 0.026). q Poland (β=-0.083, p < 0.001), BMI z-score at 8y (β=-0.013, p = 0.022), diet during the first year of life: breastfed (β=-0.032 p = 0.029). r Italy (β=-0.165, p < 0.001), BMI z-score at 8y (β = 0.064, p < 0.001). s Italy (β=-16.419, p < 0.001), BMI z-score at 8y (β = 7.497, p < 0.001), maternal BMI (β = 0.889, p = 0.011), smoking during pregnancy (β = 7.332, p = 0.016). t Germany (β = 16.992, p < 0.001), Italy (β=-7.485, p = 0.017). u Poland (β = 2.066, p < 0.001), maternal BMI (β = 0.210, p < 0.001), smoking during pregnancy (β = 1.024, p = 0.018), maternal education level: medium (β=-0.969, p = 0.019)
Back to article page

Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

Contact us