Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population by cohort and exposure status
| Â | PsyCoLaus | Rotterdam Study | CLSA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | NLP (n = 327) | LP (n = 1238) | SMD | NLP (n = 694) | LP (n = 7688) | SMD | NLP (n = 4520) | LP (n = 21186) | SMD |
Sex (Male) (%) | 157 (48.0) | 507 (41.0) | 0.142 | 284 (40.9) | 3243 (42.2) | 0.026 | 2339 (51.7) | 10,475 (49.4) | 0.046 |
Age (%) | Â | Â | 0.041 | Â | Â | 0.139 | Â | Â | 0.041 |
 Below 70 | 201 (61.5) | 747 (60.3) |  | 183 (55.3) | 2293 (59.8) |  | 3365 (74.4) | 15,386 (72.6) |  |
 Between 70 and < 75 | 70 (21.4) | 286 (23.1) |  | 107 (32.3) | 1001 (26.1) |  | 427 (9.4) | 2136 (10.1) |  |
 75 or above | 56 (17.1) | 205 (16.6) |  | 41 (12.4) | 543 (14.2) |  | 728 (16.1) | 3664 (17.3) |  |
Education (%) | Â | Â | 0.144 | Â | Â | 0.025 | Â | Â | 0.045 |
 Basic | 210 (64.2) | 871 (70.4) |  | 388 (56.1) | 4353 (56.9) |  | 312 (8.1) | 1574 (8.8) |  |
 Secondary | 56 (17.1) | 195 (15.8) |  | 201 (29.0) | 2135 (27.9) |  | 1415 (36.8) | 6901 (38.4) |  |
 Higher | 61 (18.7) | 172 (13.9) |  | 103 (14.9) | 1158 (15.1) |  | 2116 (55.1) | 9496 (52.8) |  |
BMI categories (%) | Â | Â | 0.111 | Â | Â | 0.111 | Â | Â | 0.061 |
 Normal (BMI < 25) | 115 (35.8) | 479 (39.1) |  | 118 (24.8) | 1565 (29.8) |  | 1407 (31.3) | 6301 (29.8) |  |
 Overweight (BMI 25-29.9) | 59 (18.4) | 252 (20.6) |  | 234 (49.3) | 2435 (46.3) |  | 1886 (41.9) | 8577 (40.6) |  |
 Obese (BMI > 30) | 147 (45.8) | 494 (40.3) |  | 123 (25.9) | 1260 (24.0) |  | 1206 (26.8) | 6241 (29.6) |  |
Smoking (%) | Â | Â | 0.064 | Â | Â | 0.042 | Â | Â | 0.052 |
 Current | 48 (14.7) | 181 (14.7) |  | 74 (18.6) | 768 (17.3) |  | 398 (8.8) | 1882 (8.9) |  |
 Former | 135 (41.4) | 548 (44.4) |  | 200 (50.4) | 2228 (50.2) |  | 1882 (41.6) | 9341 (44.1) |  |
 Never | 143 (43.9) | 505 (40.9) |  | 123 (31.0) | 1446 (32.6) |  | 2240 (49.6) | 9963 (47.0) |  |
CV event* (%) | 76 (23.2) | 242 (19.6) | 0.089 | 12 (1.7) | 156 (2.0) | 0.022 | 523 (11.6) | 2561 (12.1) | 0.016 |
Hypertension (%) | 223 (68.2) | 833 (67.4) | 0.017 | 267 (70.4) | 3032 (70.4) | 0.001 | 1639 (36.3) | 7803 (36.9) | 0.011 |
Diabetes (%) | 42 (12.8) | 144 (11.6) | 0.037 | 96 (17.2) | 1192 (19.5) | 0.061 | 833 (18.5) | 3653 (17.3) | 0.032 |
Physical Activity (%) | Â | Â | 0.055 | Â | Â | 0.083 | Â | Â | 0.007 |
 Low | 130 (45.3) | 493 (45.7) |  | 123 (37.4) | 1270 (33.7) |  | 1450 (33.6) | 6762 (33.2) |  |
 Medium | 96 (33.4) | 379 (35.1) |  | 106 (32.2) | 1239 (32.9) |  | 1420 (32.9) | 6734 (33.1) |  |
 High | 61 (21.3) | 207 (19.2) |  | 100 (30.4) | 1261 (33.4) |  | 1449 (33.5) | 6843 (33.6) |  |
Baseline MMSE/MAT (mean (SD)) | 29.3 (1.2) | 29.4 (1.1) | 0.039 | 27.7 (2.4) | 27.8 (2.2) | 0.047 | 25.7 (8.8) | 26.9 (8.7) | 0.129 |