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Table 2 Hazard ratios for total mortality, according to the FODMAPs tertile

From: Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) and mortality among survivors of liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study

 

Tertiles

P trend

Total Fructans

 

T1

(< 1.88)

T2

(1.88–2.97)

T3

(2.97 ≤)

 

No. of deaths

8

12

23

0.027

Model 1

ref

0.92

(0.27–3.1)

1.72

(0.56–5.3)

0.011

Model 2

ref

1.6

(0.42–6.1)

6.86

(1.46–32.3)

0.013

Model 3

ref

1.85

(0.48–7.13)

5.15

(1.15–23.2)

0.006

Total GOS

 

T1

(< 0.48)

T2

(0.48–1.29)

T3

(1.29 ≤)

 

No. of deaths

12

11

20

0.238

Model 1

ref

0.25

(0.07–0.95)

0.8

(0.32–1.96)

0.722

Model 2

ref

0.23

(0.06–0.89)

0.77

(0.23–2.52)

0.105

Model 3

ref

0.31

(0.05–1.78)

1.2

(0.4–4.16)

0.087

Excess fructose

 

T1

(< 4.9)

T2

(4.9–10.4)

T3

(10.4 ≤)

 

No. of deaths

12

8

23

0.017

Model 1

ref

1.07

(0.29–4.02)

2.33

(0.82–6.7)

0.093

Model 2

ref

1.2

(0.31–4.67)

3.7

(1.1–12.9)

0.029

Model 3

ref

1.31

(0.14–11.9)

5.55

(0.54–57.14)

0.018

Total lactose

 

T1

(< 8.93)

T2

(8.93–20.75)

T3

(20.75 ≤)

 

No. of deaths

11

13

19

0.150

Model 1

ref

0.76

(0.25–2.28)

0.73

(0.23–2.33)

0.610

Model 2

ref

0.62

(0.2–1.95)

0.55

(0.16–1.9)

0.370

Model 3

ref

0.45

(0.07–2.8)

0.42

(0.05–4.03)

0.349

Total polyols

 

T1

(< 1.43)

T2

(1.43–2.8)

T3

(2.8 ≤)

 

No. of deaths

13

8

22

0.007

Model 1

ref

0.83

(0.28–2.5)

1.6

(0.58–4.4)

0.203

Model 2

ref

1.05

(0.32–3.5)

2.93

(0.8–10.6)

0.112

Model 3

ref

1.1

(0.29–3.4)

3.1

(0.87–10.9)

0.081

Total FODMAPs

 

T1

(< 20.6)

T2

(20.6–41.97)

T3

(41.97 ≤)

 

No. of deaths

10

9

24

0.002

Model 1

ref

0.83

(0.36–1.9)

0.94

(0.47–1.9)

0.080

Model 2

ref

0.99

(0.28–3.5)

3.55

(0.99–12.68)

0.043

Model 3

ref

0.89

(0.25–3.2)

3.5

(1.05–11.7)

0.036

  1. Cox proportional hazards regression models for estimating HRs and 95% CIs
  2. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex
  3. Model 2: additionally adjusted for energy intake, BMI, smoking and alcohol
  4. Model 3: additionally adjusted for etiology, SGA, MELD and child
  5. FODMAPs fermentable olig-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols, GOS Galactooligosaccharides, SGA subjective global assessment tool, MELD The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, BMI body mass index
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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