Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants stratified by osteoarthritis or degenerative arthritis (OA) based on dataset A
Variables | Overall | Non-OA | OA | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 13978 | N = 12403 | N = 1575 | ||
Age n (weighted %) | ||||
20–45 years | 7146 (55.0) | 7006 (60.5) | 140 (12.1) | < 0.001 |
45–65 years | 4015 (31.5) | 3421 (29.8) | 594 (45.4) | |
> 65 years | 2817 (13.5) | 1976 (9.8) | 841 (42.6) | |
Gender n (weighted %) | ||||
Female | 7180 (51.3) | 6173 (49.3) | 1007 (67.2) | < 0.001 |
Male | 6798 (48.7) | 6230 (50.7) | 568 (32.8) | |
Race n (weighted %) | ||||
Mexican American | 2777 (8.4) | 2639 (9.2) | 138 (2.6) | < 0.001 |
Other Hispanic | 694 (5.1) | 639 (5.5) | 55 (2.3) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 6663 (69.5) | 5582 (67.6) | 1081 (84.6) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 2745 (10.4) | 2544 (11.0) | 201 (5.6) | |
Other Race—Including Multi-Racial | 1099 (6.5) | 999 (6.7) | 100 (4.9) | |
Educational level n (weighted %) | ||||
Less Than High School | 3485 (15.1) | 3146 (15.2) | 339 (14.8) | 0.253 |
High School Diploma (including GED) | 3297 (25.6) | 2890 (25.3) | 407 (27.9) | |
More Than High School | 7196 (59.3) | 6367 (59.5) | 829 (57.4) | |
Family income ratio (median [IQR]) (ratio) | 1.76 [1.47, 2.04] | 1.76 [1.47, 2.04] | 1.77 [1.51, 2.03] | 0.360 |
BMI n (weighted %) | ||||
< 25 kg/m2 | 4425 (33.2) | 4085 (34.8) | 340 (20.8) | < 0.001 |
25–30 kg/m2 | 4939 (34.0) | 4388 (34.1) | 551 (33.2) | |
> 30 kg/m2 | 4614 (32.8) | 3930 (31.1) | 684 (46.0) | |
Cigarette Use n (weighted %) | ||||
Rarely smoking | 7616 (53.6) | 6868 (54.2) | 748 (48.6) | 0.003 |
Frequently smoking | 6362 (46.4) | 5535 (45.8) | 827 (51.4) | |
Serum cotinine (median [IQR]) (ng/mL) | 5.93 [5.93, 5.99] | 5.93 [5.93, 6.02] | 5.93 [5.93, 5.93] | < 0.001 |
Alcohol Use n (weighted %) | ||||
Rarely drinking | 12,022 (86.2) | 10,682 (86.1) | 1340 (86.5) | 0.783 |
Frequently drinking | 1956 (13.8) | 1721 (13.9) | 235 (13.5) | |
Hypertension n (weighted %) | ||||
No | 9893 (73.9) | 9265 (77.6) | 628 (44.9) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 4085 (26.1) | 3138 (22.4) | 947 (55.1) | |
Diabetes n (weighted %) | ||||
No | 12,627 (92.8) | 11,377 (94.0) | 1250 (83.3) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 1351 (7.2) | 1026 (6.0) | 325 (16.7) | |
Osteoporosis n (weighted %) | ||||
No | 13,221 (95.1) | 12,104 (97.7) | 1117 (74.4) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 757 (4.9) | 299 (2.3) | 458 (25.6) | |
Moderate physical activity n (weighted %) | ||||
No | 6426 (39.1) | 5633 (38.5) | 793 (43.4) | 0.011 |
Yes | 7552 (60.9) | 6770 (61.5) | 782 (56.6) | |
Vigorous physical activity n (weighted %) | ||||
No | 9307 (60.5) | 8049 (58.8) | 1258 (73.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 4671 (39.5) | 4354 (41.2) | 317 (26.3) | |
NHANES Cycle n (weighted %) | ||||
Cycle2001-2006 | 10,831 (76.0) | 9753 (77.4) | 1078 (64.9) | < 0.001 |
Cycle2017-2018 | 3147 (24.0) | 2650 (22.6) | 497 (35.1) | |
Vitamin D (median [IQR]) (nmol/L) | 4.19 [3.93, 4.39] | 4.17 [3.93, 4.38] | 4.26 [4.02, 4.50] | < 0.001 |
Serum calcium (median [IQR]) (mmol/L) | 0.85 [0.83, 0.89] | 0.86 [0.83, 0.89] | 0.85 [0.83, 0.89] | 0.826 |
Serum phosphorus (median [IQR]) (mmol/L) | 0.18 [0.09, 0.28] | 0.18 [0.09, 0.28] | 0.19 [0.09, 0.28] | 0.205 |
Serum uric acid (median [IQR]) (umol/L) | 5.73 [5.54, 5.91] | 5.73 [5.54, 5.91] | 5.75 [5.57, 5.91] | 0.013 |
Serum urea nitrogen (median [IQR]) (mmol/L) | 1.84 [1.66, 2.00] | 1.81 [1.66, 1.97] | 1.95 [1.79, 2.15] | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (median [IQR]) (mmol/L) | 1.62 [1.47, 1.75] | 1.61 [1.47, 1.75] | 1.64 [1.50, 1.76] | < 0.001 |
Total carotenoids (median [IQR]) (ug/dL) | 4.19 [3.88, 4.50] | 4.19 [3.88, 4.50] | 4.17 [3.83, 4.48] | 0.148 |
Trans Lycopene (median [IQR]) (ug/dL) | 3.11 [2.75, 3.40] | 3.13 [2.78, 3.42] | 2.94 [2.56, 3.27] | < 0.001 |
β-cryptoxanthin (median [IQR]) (ug/dL) | 1.98 [1.54, 2.45] | 1.99 [1.56, 2.46] | 1.87 [1.38, 2.36] | < 0.001 |
Lutein/zeaxanthin (median [IQR]) (ug/dL) | 2.68 [2.34, 3.03] | 2.68 [2.34, 3.03] | 2.67 [2.32, 3.08] | 0.679 |
α Carotene (median [IQR]) (ug/dL) | 1.03 [0.41, 1.69] | 1.03 [0.40, 1.69] | 1.13 [0.53, 1.74] | 0.005 |
β Carotene (median [IQR]) (ug/dL) | 2.56 [2.02, 3.16] | 2.53 [2.00, 3.14] | 2.74 [2.16, 3.25] | < 0.001 |