Table 1 Baseline characteristics of MetS patients in NHANES 2001–2006 and NHANES 2017–2018
Characters | Total | Survival | Mortality | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 2521) | (n = 1825) | (n = 696) | ||
Age, years | 53.81(0.40) | 50.65(0.42) | 65.69(0.83) | < 0.001 |
Gender, % | 0.200 | |||
Female | 1342(51.70) | 1012(52.49) | 330(48.72) | |
Male | 1179(48.30) | 813(47.51) | 366(51.28) | |
Race, % | 0.010 | |||
Mexican American | 511(7.73) | 397(8.60) | 114(4.45) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 441(9.51) | 341(9.71) | 100(8.74) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 1287(72.99) | 838(70.98) | 449(80.52) | |
Other Race | 282(9.77) | 249(10.70) | 33(6.28) | |
Education, % | < 0.001 | |||
Less than high school | 783(20.40) | 521(18.18) | 262(28.77) | |
High school or equivalent | 641(30.55) | 453(30.49) | 188(30.79) | |
Over than high school | 1097(49.04) | 851(51.33) | 246(40.43) | |
PIR, % | < 0.001 | |||
<1.3 | 759(22.05) | 517(20.36) | 242(28.38) | |
1.3–3.5 | 1036(39.48) | 731(38.27) | 305(44.03) | |
≥3.5 | 726(38.47) | 577(41.37) | 149(27.59) | |
Smoking, % | < 0.001 | |||
Current smoker | 497(21.66) | 369(21.22) | 128(23.35) | |
Former smoker | 812(31.61) | 519(29.39) | 293(39.93) | |
Never smoker | 1212(46.73) | 937(49.39) | 275(36.73) | |
Drinking, % | 0.020 | |||
No | 2125(84.43) | 1555(85.44) | 570(80.67) | |
Yes | 396(15.57) | 270(14.56) | 126(19.33) | |
BMI, kg/m2 | 32.68(0.25) | 33.00(0.29) | 31.47(0.31) | < 0.001 |
PA, MET-min/week | 1418.38(109.50) | 1619.96(135.76) | 660.99(69.63) | < 0.001 |
HEI | 49.01(0.43) | 48.60(0.45) | 50.55(0.69) | 0.010 |
Comorbidity status, % | < 0.001 | |||
No | 597(28.38) | 533(33.17) | 64(10.39) | |
Yes | 1924(71.62) | 1292(66.83) | 632(89.61) | |
Supplement use, % | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1408(56.01) | 979(53.53) | 429(65.31) | |
Yes | 1113(43.99) | 846(46.47) | 267(34.69) | |
Medication use, % | < 0.001 | |||
No | 892(39.46) | 768(44.55) | 124(20.30) | |
Yes | 1629(60.54) | 1057(55.45) | 572(79.70) | |
Antihypertensive drugs, % | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1037(45.72) | 879(50.95) | 158(26.04) | |
Yes | 1484(54.28) | 946(49.05) | 538(73.96) | |
Lipid-lowering drugs, % | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1766(70.18) | 1324(72.57) | 442(61.21) | |
Yes | 755(29.82) | 501(27.43) | 254(38.79) | |
Antidiabetic drugs, % | 0.010 | |||
No | 1969(82.17) | 1453(83.55) | 516(76.99) | |
Yes | 552(17.83) | 372(16.45) | 180(23.01) | |
Combination drugs, % | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1636(67.91) | 1255(71.00) | 381(56.29) | |
Yes | 885(32.09) | 570(29.00) | 315(43.71) | |
α-carotene, µmol/L | 0.04(0.02,0.08) | 0.04(0.02,0.08) | 0.04(0.02,0.07) | 0.154 |
Trans β-carotene, µmol/L | 0.19(0.11,0.32) | 0.18(0.11,0.31) | 0.20(0.11,0.37) | 0.161 |
Lutein/zeaxanthin, µmol/L | 0.23(0.16,0.33) | 0.24(0.17,0.33) | 0.22(0.16,0.31) | 0.015 |
β-cryptoxanthin, µmol/L | 0.10(0.07,0.16) | 0.10(0.07,0.16) | 0.10(0.07,0.16) | 0.561 |
Trans lycopene, µmol/L | 0.37(0.24,0.51) | 0.38(0.26,0.53) | 0.30(0.18,0.46) | < 0.001 |
Total lycopene, µmol/L | 0.67(0.46,0.95) | 0.70(0.49,0.96) | 0.55(0.34,0.78) | < 0.001 |
Total carotenoid, µmol/L | 1.33(0.95,1.83) | 1.33(0.99,1.85) | 1.21(0.86,1.74) | 0.016 |