Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants based on the tertiles of tea and coffee intake
Variable | Tea intake | P | Coffee intake | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 (n = 1434) | T2 (n = 2342) | T3 (1472) | No (n = 5167) | Yes (n = 81) | |||
Tea intake (cups/week) | 2.58 ± 0.64 | 5.11 ± 0.87 | 9.49 ± 1.95 | < 0.001 | 5.65 ± 2.89 | 4.98 ± 3.02 | 0.036 |
Coffee intake (cups//week) | 1.61 ± 1.10 | 2.20 ± 2.02 | 1.35 ± 0.75 | 0.107 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.73 ± 1.41 | |
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 50.67 ± 11.81 | 50.90 ± 11.72 | 50.56 ± 11.39 | 0.699 | 50.80 ± 11.68 | 47.01 ± 8.75 | 0.012 |
Sex (Male), n (%) | 570 (39.7) | 1099 (46.9) | 852 (57.9) | < 0.001 | 2482 (48.0) | 39 (48.1) | 0.984 |
Married, n (%) | 1305 (91.0) | 2111 (90.1) | 1364 (92.7) | 0.028 | 4706 (91.1) | 74 (91.4) | 0.930 |
Education, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
0–5 years | 972 (67.9) | 1653 (70.7) | 1113 (75.7) | 3699 (71.7) | 39 (48.1) | ||
6–12 years | 368 (25.7) | 529 (22.6) | 283 (19.2) | 1147 (22.2) | 33 (40.7) | ||
>12 years | 91 (6.4) | 156 (6.7) | 75 (5.1) | 313 (6.1) | 9 (11.1) | ||
Smoking status, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.859 | |||||
Never | 1215 (84.7) | 1877 (80.1) | 1032 (70.1) | 4061 (78.6) | 63 (77.8) | ||
Ever smoking | 219 (15.3) | 465 (19.9) | 440 (29.9) | 1106 (21.4) | 18 (22.2) | ||
Physical activity (METs-minute/day) | 808.46 ± 524.35 | 856.81 ± 536.78 | 930.75 ± 569.76 | < 0.001 | 864.74 ± 543.80 | 1029.89 ± 583.16 | 0.007 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.28 ± 4.63 | 26.87 ± 4.62 | 26.28 ± 4.66 | < 0.001 | 26.81 ± 4.66 | 27.07 ± 4.38 | 0.756 |
WC (cm) | 95.82 ± 12.02 | 95.04 ± 12.17 | 93.44 ± 12.39 | < 0.001 | 94.81 ± 12.24 | 94.37 ± 11.30 | 0.692 |
SBP (mmHg) | 89.53 ± 33.37 | 88.36 ± 32.48 | 87.91 ± 32.33 | 0.001 | 121.75 ± 20.93 | 121.16 ± 22.59 | 0.616 |
DBP (mmHg) | 79.09 ± 12.06 | 78.74 ± 11.35 | 77.49 ± 11.25 | < 0.001 | 78.49 ± 11.55 | 77.94 ± 10.58 | 0.533 |
FBG (mg/dl) | 89.53 ± 33.37 | 88.36 ± 32.48 | 87.91 ± 32.33 | 0.454 | 88.57 ± 32.71 | 87.46 ± 31.05 | 0.856 |
TC (mg/dl) | 215.37 ± 50.42 | 212.33 ± 49.24 | 209.89 ± 51.62 | 0.026 | 212.48 ± 50.23 | 211.80 ± 53.39 | 0.587 |
LDL-C (mg/dl) | 130.07 ± 42.74 | 128.57 ± 42.16 | 126.70 ± 42.64 | 0.137 | 128.44 ± 42.38 | 128.88 ± 47.53 | 0.616 |
HDL-C (mg/dl) | 47.73 ± 10.70 | 46.60 ± 10.39 | 46.70 ± 10.27 | 0.006 | 46.91 ± 10.46 | 48.30 ± 10.13 | 0.202 |
TG (mg/dl) | 198.59 ± 127.77 | 194.54 ± 116.32 | 188.02 ± 116.30 | 0.075 | 193.78 ± 119.08 | 195.94 ± 149.73 | 0.609 |
Weight status, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.568 | |||||
Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 17 (1.2) | 44 (1.9) | 35 (2.4) | 96 (1.9) | 0 (0) | ||
Normal (BMI = 18.5-24.99) | 446 (31.3) | 795 (34.2) | 582 (39.9) | 1792 (35.0) | 31 (38.3) | ||
Overweight (BMI = 25-29.99) | 594 (41.7) | 971 (41.8) | 561 (38.5) | 2092 (40.8) | 34 (42.0) | ||
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) | 366 (25.7) | 512 (22.0) | 280 (19.2) | 1142 (22.3) | 16 (19.8) | ||
Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 789 (55.2) | 1160 (49.8) | 596 (40.6) | < 0.001 | 2508 (48.7) | 37 (45.7) | 0.587 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 438 (30.5) | 668 (28.5) | 357 (24.3) | 0.001 | 1442 (27.9) | 21 (25.9) | 0.693 |
Diabetes Mellitus, n (%) | 141 (9.8) | 193 (8.2) | 110 (7.5) | 0.064 | 438 (8.5) | 6 (7.4) | 0.731 |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 504 (35.1) | 767 (32.7) | 462 (31.4) | 0.091 | 1706 (33.0) | 27 (33.3) | 0.952 |
Family history of CVD, n (%) | 172 (12.5) | 283 (12.7) | 150 (10.7) | 0.193 | 596 (12.1) | 9 (11.3) | 0.819 |