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Table 3 Multiple adjusted hazard ratios of tea and coffee intake for cardiovascular events

From: Tea and coffee consumption and the 15-Year risk of cardiovascular events: the Isfahan cohort study (ICS)

Events

rate

Person-years

Tea intake

P trend

Coffee intake

P

T1 (n = 1434)

T2 (n = 2342)

T3 (n = 1472)

No (n = 5167)

Yes (n = 81)

2.58 ± 0.64

5.11 ± 0.87

9.49 ± 1.95

0.00 ± 0.00

1.73 ± 1.41

AMI

         

 Crude model

155

60365.40

1

1.85 (1.17, 2.91)

2.32 (1.45, 3.72)

0.001

1

0.448 (0.063–3.198)

0.423

 Model 1a

155

1

1.74 (1.10, 2.74)

2.09 (1.30, 3.36)

0.007

1

0.608 (0.085–4.357)

0.621

 Model 2b

146

1

1.88 (1.17, 3.02)

2.29 (1.39, 3.78)

0.004

   

 Model 3c

133

1

1.66 (1.03, 2.70)

1.83 (1.10, 3.07)

0.060

   

Unstable Angina

         

 Crude model

363

59988.46

1

1.24 (0.97, 1.58)

0.96 (0.72, 1.29)

0.427

1

1.429 (0.676–3.019)

0.350

 Model 1

363

1

1.21 (0.95, 1.55)

0.95 (0.71, 1.27)

0.381

1

1.866 (0.881–3.953)

0.104

 Model 2

338

1

1.21 (0.93, 1.56)

0.91 (0.67, 1.24)

0.286

   

 Model 3

322

1

1.28 (0.98, 1.68)

1.02 (0.73, 1.41)

0.667

   

Stroke

         

 Crude model

167

60306.30

1

0.72 (0.50, 1.03)

0.86 (0.58, 1.26)

0.711

1

0.415 (0.058–2.960)

0.380

 Model 1a

167

1

0.69 (0.48, 0.99)

0.85 (0.57, 1.26)

0.737

1

0.636 (0.089–4.556)

0.652

 Model 2b

153

1

0.79 (0.54, 1.14)

0.77 (0.50, 1.18)

0.312

   

 Model 3c

144

1

0.79 (0.53, 1.15)

0.74 (0.47, 1.15)

0.243

   

CVD

         

 Crude model

777

59257.91

1

1.13 (0.95, 1.35)

1.12 (0.92, 1.35)

0.409

1

1.106 (0.625–1.956)

0.730

 Model 1a

777

1

1.09 (0.92, 1.30)

1.07 (0.88, 1.30)

0.679

1

1.592 (0.898–2.821)

0.111

 Model 2b

716

1

1.15 (0.96, 1.38)

1.06 (0.87, 1.31)

0.876

   

 Model 3c

662

1

1.16 (0.96, 1.40)

1.04 (0.84, 1.30)

0.951

   

SCD

         

 Crude model

92

60694.75

1

0.84 (0.57, 1.54)

1.03 (0.60, 1.77)

0.820

1

2.268 (0.718–7.167)

0.163

 Model 1a

92

1

0.86 (0.53, 1.42)

0.93 (0.54, 1.60)

0.920

   

 Model 2b

79

1

0.92 (0.53, 1.58)

1.06 (0.59, 1.91)

0.730

   

 Model 3c

69

1

1.03 (0.57, 1.87)

1.02 (0.53, 1.95)

0.984

   

CVD mortality

         

 Crude model

172

60694.75

1

0.89 (0.62, 1.28)

1.07 (0.73, 1.58)

0.535

1

1.606 (0.596–4.329)

0.349

 Model 1a

172

1

0.84 (0.58, 1.20)

1.02 (0.69, 1.51)

0.635

   

 Model 2b

149

1

1.00 (0.67, 1.50)

1.20 (0.78, 1.85)

0.334

   

 Model 3c

134

1

1.06 (0.70, 1.62)

1.16 (0.73, 1.85)

0.523

   

All-cause mortality

         

 Crude model

474

60694.75

1

0.93 (0.75, 1.16)

0.93 (0.73, 1.18)

0.641

1

0.870 (0.389–1.946)

0.734

 Model 1a

474

1

0.88 (0.71, 1.10)

0.90 (0.71, 1.15)

0.567

1

1.753 (0.780–3.939)

0.174

 Model 2b

422

1

0.94 (0.74, 1.18)

0.89 (0.69, 1.16)

0.428

   

 Model 3c

393

1

0.94 (0.74, 1.20)

0.86 (0.65, 1.13)

0.266

   
  1. Abbreviations: P = P value; T = Tertile; AMI = acute myocardial infarction; SCD = sudden cardiac death; CVD = cardiovascular disease. a: adjusted for age (year) and sex (male/ female). b: Additionally, adjusted for education (0–5 years / 6–12 years / >12years), smoking status (never / ever smoking), physical activity (METS-minute/day), diabetes mellitus (yes/ no), hypertension (yes/ no), hypercholesterolemia (yes/ no), family history of cardiovascular disease (yes/ no), and body mass index (kg/m2). c: Additionally, adjusted for hydrogenated vegetable oil (time/week), non-hydrogenated vegetable oil (time/week), cereals (time/week), red meat (time/week), fish (time/week), fruits and vegetables (time/week), nut and seeds (time/week), legumes (time/week), fast foods (time/week), animal fats (time/week), sweets (time/week), soft drinks (time/week), beverages (time/week), sugar (time/week), and milk (time/week)
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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