Adherence to French dietary guidelines is associated with a reduced risk of mortality in the E3N French prospective cohort

Table 2 Hazard ratios (95% CI) estimated by Cox multivariable regression models for the association between sPNNS-GS2 and mortality risk in the E3N cohort (N = 72 585)

		N deaths / Person-years	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
		N deaths / Person-years	HR [95% CI]^a	HR [95% CI]^a	HR [95% CI]^a	HR [95% CI]^a
All-cause mortality (N = 72 585)	sPNNS-GS2 (spline with 4 knots)	6 441 / 1 378 046
	p-value for the overall association		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	p-value for the non-linearity test		0.012	0.026	0.004	0.002
All-cancer mortality (N = 72 416)	sPNNS-GS2 (spline with 4 knots)	3 473 / 1 375 276
	p-value for the overall association		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	p-value for the non-linearity test		0.010	0.015	0.001	0.001
Cardiovascular diseases mortality (N = 72 416)	sPNNS-GS2 (linear term)	896 / 1 375 276	0.93 [0.85; 1.02]	0.96 [0.87; 1.05]	0.86 [0.76; 0.97]	0.84 [0.74; 0.95]
	p-value		0.135	0.355	0.012	0.007
	p-value for the non-linearity test		0.986	0.847	0.993	0.973
Breast cancer mortality (N = 72 238)	sPNNS-GS2 (spline with 3 knots)	953 / 1 373 148
	p-value for the overall association		0.004	0.002	< 0.001	< 0.001
	p-value for the non-linearity test		0.090	0.100	0.007	0.007
Lung cancer mortality (N = 72 238)	sPNNS-GS2 (spline with 4 knots)	364 / 1 373 148
	p-value for the overall association		< 0.001	0.003	< 0.001	0.001
	p-value for the non-linearity test		< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Colorectal cancer mortality (N = 72 238)	sPNNS-GS2 (linear term)	317 / 1 373 148	0.85 [0.73; 0.99]	0.86 [0.74; 1.00]	0.86 [0.70; 1.04]	0.90 [0.73; 1.12]
	p-value		0.036	0.052	0.120	0.343
	p-value for the non-linearity test		0.133	0.120	0.121	0.106

Model 1: Adjustment on age (years) as time-scale
Model 2: M1 + BMI (kg/m²), physical activity (MET-hours/week), birth cohort (≤ 1930, (1930 – 1935], (1935 – 1940], (1940 – 1945], > 1945), education level (< 12 years, 12 to 14 years, > 14 years), smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, current smoker), menopausal status and recent MHT use (premenopausal, menopausal and recent MHT use, menopausal and no recent MHT use, menopausal and no information on whether and when MHT was used)
Model 3: M2 + total energy intake (kcal/day)
Model 4: M3 + weights of adherence to the six mixtures of food chemical contaminants
^aWe present the results of linear associations between sPNNS-GS2 and mortality risk with HR [95% CI] per one standard deviation, p-value and p-value for the non-linearity test, and of non-linear associations with p-values for the overall association and for the non-linearity test

ISSN: 1475-2891