Fig. 7

Obesity related epigenetic modifications on the nuclear DNA and mtDNA could cause the disturbance of serum iron biomarkers to induce the occurrence of MetS. The MHO was adaptive with the abnormal epigenetic modifications of nuclear (whole-genome, TF and TFR1) and mtDNA to result in the decreases of iron related biomarkers in a BMI-independent manner. Then, it might conversely affect the oxidative stress to aggravate the occurrence of MetS with the increasing serum iron biomarkers