Multiomics approach reveals the comprehensive interactions between nutrition and children’s gut microbiota, and microbial and host metabolomes

Table 1 PERMANOVA of various phenotypes and PDIs on the gut microbiota and fecal and plasma metabolites

Variables	Mean ± SD	Genera		Fecal metabolism		Plasma metabolism
Variables	Mean ± SD	R²	P value	R²	P value	R²	P value
Sex	41:47(F:M)	0.005	0.971	0.012	0.362	0.006	0.956
BMI	17.17±4.85	0.009	0.633	0.010	0.543	0.012	0.389
Age	5.71±2.30	0.018	0.102	0.018	0.064	0.019	0.039
Birth weight	3.40±0.65	0.008	0.749	0.010	0.582	0.010	0.586
Birth height	50.97±2.62	0.015	0.199	0.012	0.395	0.016	0.115
PDI	44.48±5.37	0.023	0.023	0.022	0.022	0.021	0.028
hPDI	44.44±7.40	0.016	0.158	0.012	0.322	0.013	0.284
uPDI	45.01±6.81	0.041	0.238	0.014	0.225	0.011	0.524
Nuts	9.38±12.48	0.014	0.228	0.009	0.694	0.011	0.415
Vegetables and fruits	78.62±88.27	0.007	0.818	0.014	0.221	0.012	0.336
Whole grains	23.38±32.76	0.016	0.156	0.008	0.879	0.010	0.562
Potatoes	14.73±22.85	0.023	0.037	0.011	0.406	0.007	0.894
Refined grains	149.27±119.55	0.011	0.511	0.009	0.706	0.011	0.516
Fried foods	5.18±6.71	0.019	0.075	0.013	0.300	0.012	0.130
Desserts	7.71±9.85	0.011	0.560	0.009	0.731	0.016	0.130
Preserved foods	1.01±1.81	0.027	0.009	0.011	0.493	0.009	0.646
Sweetened beverages	16.72±48.52	0.027	0.020	0.008	0.860	0.009	0.660
Dairy products	22.46±73.84	0.039	0.001	0.009	0.642	0.012	0.403
Egg	31.43±19.42	0.010	0.530	0.013	0.286	0.011	0.416
Meat	49.06±45.10	0.003	0.991	0.009	0.766	0.013	0.312
Fish	12.21±10.76	0.003	0.992	0.006	0.968	0.013	0.274
Western foods	3.02±3.71	0.024	0.021	0.015	0.131	0.009	0.695

ISSN: 1475-2891