Table 3 Multinomial logistic regression with skipping breakfast, skipping lunch, and skipping dinner (with no meal skipping as reference category) (unadjusted risk ratios), and binary logistic regression with any meal skipping (with no meal skipping as reference category) (unadjusted odds ratios)
Variable | Skipping breakfast | Skipping lunch | Skipping dinner | Any meal skipping |
|---|---|---|---|---|
RRR (95% CI) | RRR (95% CI) | RRR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Sex | ||||
Female | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Male | 0.73 (0.64 to 0.84)*** | 0.86 (0.72 to 1.02) | 0.76 (0.65 to 0.90)*** | 0.77 (0.68 to 0.88)*** |
Age in years | ||||
≤11–14 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
15–18+ | 1.50 (1.26 to 1.y78)*** | 1.46 (1.25 to 1.70)*** | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.40)* | 1.43 (1.26 to 1.63)*** |
Type of school | ||||
Private | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Public | 1.14 (0.89 to 1.46) | 1.16 (0.86 to 1.56) | 0.92 (0.75 to 1.13) | 1.10 (0.97 to 1.26) |
Food insecurity | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Yes (mostly or always) | 1.08 (0.94 to 1.23) | 1.41 (1.16 to 1.71)*** | 1.43 (1.14 to 1.80)** | 1.23 (1.10 to 1.37)*** |
Religious | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Yes | 0.77 (0.66 to 0.90)** | 0.77 (0.64 to 0.92)** | 0.75 (0.62 to 0.91)** | 0.77 (0.67 to 0.88)*** |
School attendance | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Yes (every day) | 0.76 (0.68 to 0.86)*** | 0.68 (0.60 to 0.78)*** | 0.71 (0.60 to 0.85)*** | 0.73 (0.66 to 0.80)*** |
Peer support | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Yes (mostly or always) | 0.80 (0.71 to 0.90)*** | 0.71 (0.61 to 0.82)*** | 0.82 (0.68 to 0.99)* | 0.78 (0.70 to 0.86)*** |
Parental support | ||||
Low (0–1) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Moderate (2) | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.07) | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.96)* | 1.13 (0.90 to 1.42) | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.04) |
High (3–4) | 0.63 (0.53 to 0.74)*** | 0.51 (0.42 to 0.61)*** | 0.65 (0.49 to 0.85)** | 0.59 (0.51 to 0.69)*** |
Taught healthy eating | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Yes | 0.91 (0.71 to 1.17) | 0.79 (0.63 to 0.98)* | 0.72 (0.51 to 1.00) | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.04) |
Can buy soft drinks in school (yes) | ||||
No | ||||
Yes | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
1.08 (0.96 to 1.22) | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.22) | 1.22 (1.05 to 1.42)** | 1.10 (1.00 to 1.22)* |