Table 5 Binary logistic regression between the exposure of meal skipping categories (skipping breakfast, skipping lunch, skipping dinner, and skipping any meal) with dietary, mental health and health risk behaviour outcomes

Model

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Dietary indicators

Low fruit intake

1

1.13 (1.00 to 1.27)*

1.02 (0.90 to 1.16)

1.02 (0.83 to 1.26)

1.08 (0.98 to 1.18)

(N = 6707, 66.9%)

2

1.08 (0.95 to 1.22)

0.96 (0.84 to 1.11)

0.99 (0.80 to 1.24)

---

Low vegetable intake

1

1.21 (1.09 to 1.33)***

1.02 (0.88 to 1.20)

1.09 (0.90 to 1.32)

1.13 (1.02 to 1.25)*

(N = 6326, 62.9%)

2

1.16 (1.04 to 1.30)**

1.00 (0.85 to 1.17)

1.06 (0.88 to 1.29)

1.10 (0.99 to 1.22)

Soft drink intake (≥ 1/day)

1

1.26 (1.12 to 1.42)***

1.33 (1.13 to 1.55)***

1.32 (1.05 to 1.67)*

1.29 (1.14 to 1.46)***

(N = 3261, 31.5%)

2

1.19 (1.04 to 1.36)*

1.32 (1.13 to 1.55)***

1.34 (1.06 to 1.71)*

1.26 (1.11 to 1.43)***

Fast food consumption (≥ 1/week)

1

1.15 (1.02 to 1.29)*

1.11 (0.91 to 1.34)

1.28 (1.08 to 1.53)**

1.16 (1.03 to 1.30)*

(N = 5623, 56.9%)

2

1.15 (1.01 to 1.31)*

1.10 (0.91 to 1.33)

1.27 (1.06 to 1.52)**

1.15 (1.01 to 1.30)*

Overweight

1

1.17 (0.91 to 1.51)

0.91 (0.70 to 1.19)

1.39 (1.02 to 1.88)*

1.13 (0.90 to 1.41)

(N = 799, 9.6%)

2

1.26 (0.98 to 1.61)

1.00 (0.76 to 1.32)

1.44 (1.06 to 1.96)*

---

Obesity

1

1.24 (0.92 to 1.66)

1.29 (0.88 to 1.90)

1.87 (1.22 to 2.88)**

1.35 (1.01 to 1.81)*

(N = 321, 4.0%)

2

1.43 (1.05 to 1.93)*

1.52 (1.01 to 2.27)*

2.05 (1.29 to 3.26)**

1.51 (1.11 to 2.05)**

Mental health indicators

Suicidal ideation

1

1.65 (1.43 to 1.90)***

1.61 (1.40 to 1.85)***

1.81 (1.56 to 2.11)***

1.66 (1.48 to 1.87)***

(N = 2165, 22.7%)

2

1.60 (1.36 to 1.87)***

1.42 (1.24 to 1.64)***

1.62 (1.35 to 1.94)***

1.55 (1.36 to 1.78)***

Suicide plan

1

1.44 (1.23 to 1.70)***

1.47 (1.25 to 1.72)***

1.84 (1.50 to 2.26)***

1.51 (1.30 to 1.75)***

(N = 1638, 16.7%)

2

1.36 (1.13 to 1.62)***

1.32 (1.12 to 1.55)***

1.72 (1.40 to 2.11)***

1.41 (1.20 to 1.65)***

Suicide attempt

1

1.61 (1.43 to 1.80)***

1.59 (1.36 to 1.86)***

1.80 (1.48 to 2.20)***

1.63 (1.47 to 1.81)***

(N = 2428, 24.6%)

2

1.55 (1.35 to 1.78)***

1.40 (1.20 to 1.64)***

1.66 (1.29 to 2.14)***

1.52 (1.33 to 1.75)***

Psychological distress

1

1.73 (1.50 to 1.99)***

1.51 (1.30 to 1.76)***

1.65 (1.40 to 1.95)***

(1.65 1.46 to 1.86)***

(N = 2932, 29.0%)

2

1.66 (1.44 to 1.92)***

1.37 (1.17 to 1.59)***

1.49 (1.24 to 1.80)***

1.55 (1.38 to 1.76)***

Health risk behaviours

Sedentary behaviour

1

1.22 (1.07 to 1.41)**

1.18 (1.01 to 1.37)*

1.28 (1.09 to 1.50)**

1.22 (1.08 to 1.37)***

(N = 3279, 34.3%)

2

1.23 (1.07 to 1.42)**

1.12 (0.95 to 1.33)

1.23 (1.01 to 1.49)*

1.20 (1.06 to 1.36)**

Physical inactivity

1

1.09 (0.89 to 1.33)

1.20 (0.98 to 1.49)

1.11 (0.88 to 1.39)

1.23 (1.02 to 1.48)*

(N = 9440, 93.5%)

2

---

---

---

1.12 (0.97 to 1.23)

Current alcohol use

1

1.37 (1.20 to 1.57)***

1.62 (1.35 to 1.94)***

1.52 (1.27 to 1.78)***

1.46 (1.31 to 1.63)***

(N = 2319, 24.6%)

2

1.31 (1.14 to 1.50)***

1.453 (1.16 to 1.78)**

1.44 (1.20 to 1.73)***

1.36 (1.21 to 1.54)***

History of intoxication

1

1.53 (1.33 to 1.76)***

1.66 (1.35 to 2.04)***

1.47 (1.24 to 1.75)***

1.56 (1.37 to 1.77)***

(N = 2177, 23.5%)

2

1.36 (1.19 to 1.56)***

1.39 (1.12 to 1.72)**

1.32 (1.11 to 1.73)**

1.38 (1.23 to 1.55)***

Current drug use

1

1.05 (0.90 to 1.23)

1.48 (1.24 to 1.76)***

1.63 (1.27 to 2.09)***

1.26 (1.10 to 1.46)**

(N = 1361, 14.1%)

2

1.04 (0.82 to 1.30)

1.31 (1.04 to 1.66)*

1.63 (1.20 to 2.22)**

1.21 (1.00 to 1.47)*

Physical injury

1

1.42 (1.24 to 1.63)***

1.51 (1.28 to 1.77)***

1.63 (1.30 to 2.04)***

1.48 (1.31 to 1.67)***

(N = 3979, 46.0%)

2

1.52 (1.27 to 1.81)***

1.49 (1.26 to 1.75)***

1.61 (1.27 to 2.04)***

1.51 (1.30 to 1.75)***

Hand washing before meals (not always)

1

1.44 (1.38 to 1.71)***

1.54 (1.38 to 1.71)***

1.39 (1.21 to 1.60)***

1.46 (1.36 to 1.57)***

(N = 4167, 41.6%)

2

1.36 (1.23 to 1.50)***

1.36 (1.19 to 1.55)***

1.28 (1.09 to 1.50)**

1.34 (1.23 to 1.47)***

Hand washing with soap (not always)

1

1.39 (1.23 to 1.58)***

1.43 (1.28 to 1.60)***

1.64 (1.36 to 1.98)***

1.50 (1.39 to 1.69)***

(N = 5002, 48.8%)

2

1.39 (1.22 to 1.57)***

1.42 (1.27 to 1.59)***

1.64 (1.35 to 1.98)***

1.44 (1.30 to 1.58)***

Tooth brushing (< 2/day)

1

1.19 (1.00 to 1.41)*

1.22 (1.04 to 1.43)*

1.33 (1.07 to 1.66)*

1.22 (1.06 to 1.40)**

(N = 2010, 18.7%)

2

1.23 (1.02 to 1.49)*

1.22 (1.03 to 1.45)*

1.32 (1.06 to 1.64)*

1.23 (1.05 to 1.44)**

Seat belt (not always)

1

1.21 (1.10 to 1.34)***

1.22 (1.09 to 1.36)*

1.18 (1.02 to 1.36)*

1.21 (1.12 to 1.30)***

(N = 6282, 61.0%)

2

1.17 (1.05 to 1.31)**

1.14 (0.99 to 1.31)

1.10 (0.96 to 1.27)

1.15 (1.06 to 1.28)**