Skip to main content

Table 3 Age- and multivariable- adjusted1 odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hyperuricemia according to quintiles of specific types of dietary fat and dietary protein substituting for carbohydrate intakes

From: Associations of low-carbohydrate diets patterns with the risk of hyperuricemia: a national representative cross-sectional study in Korea

 

Quintiles (Q) of intake

P-trend1

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Total fat, % of energy

      

   Median, %

8.8

14.4

19.0

24.2

32.8

 

   N. cases/ N. non-cases

852/5,940

759/6,033

765/6,027

787/6,005

869/5,923

 

   Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)

1.00 (ref)

0.88 (0.78-1.00)

0.94 (0.83–1.08)

0.89 (0.78–1.01)

0.91 (0.80–1.04)

0.42

   MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)2

1.00 (ref)

0.93 (0.81–1.07)

1.04 (0.90–1.20)

0.98 (0.84–1.13)

1.09 (0.94–1.26)

0.12

Animal fat, % of energy

      

   Median, %

1.1

4.4

7.5

11.5

19.9

 

   N. cases/ N. non-cases

796/5,996

753/6,039

783/6,009

822/5,970

878/5,914

 

   Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)

1.00 (ref)

0.94 (0.82–1.06)

1.02 (0.89–1.17)

1.06 (0.93–1.21)

1.01 (0.88–1.16)

0.49

   MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)3

1.00 (ref)

0.95 (0.83–1.10)

1.08 (0.94–1.25)

1.15 (1.00-1.32)

1.13 (0.97–1.31)

0.03

Plant fat, % of energy

      

   Median, %

4.0

6.7

9.5

12.9

19.4

 

   N. cases/ N. non-cases

888/5,904

801/5,991

818/5,974

730/6,062

795/5,997

 

   Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)

1.00 (ref)

0.93 (0.82–1.05)

0.94 (0.83–1.06)

0.82 (0.72–0.94)

0.86 (0.75–0.94)

0.01

   MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)4

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (0.88–1.14)

1.02 (0.89–1.17)

0.92 (0.80–1.06)

1.03 (0.89–1.19)

0.93

Total protein, % of energy

      

   Median, %

10.0

12.3

14.0

16.0

19.8

 

   N. cases/ N. non-cases

856/5,936

741/6,051

783/6,009

806/5,986

846/5,946

 

   Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)

1.00 (ref)

0.86 (0.76–0.97)

0.97 (0.86–1.11)

1.04 (0.91–1.18)

1.05 (0.93–1.19)

0.04

   MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)5

1.00 (ref)

0.88 (0.76–1.01)

0.98 (0.85–1.13)

1.06 (0.92–1.21)

1.01 (0.88–1.16)

0.22

Animal protein, % of energy

      

   Median, %

2.0

6.3

7.4

8.6

10.4

 

   N. cases/ N. non-cases

772/6,020

736/6,056

780/6,012

853/5,939

891/5,901

 

   Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)

1.00 (ref)

1.02 (0.88–1.17)

1.05 (0.92–1.21)

1.16 (1.01–1.33)

1.14 (0.98–1.32)

0.04

   MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)6

1.00 (ref)

1.06 (0.92–1.24)

1.06 (0.91–1.24)

1.12 (0.96–1.30)

1.07 (0.91–1.26)

0.50

Plant protein, % of energy

      

   Median, %

4.6

6.3

7.4

8.6

10.4

 

   N. cases/ N. non-cases

1,011/5,781

827/5,965

718/6,074

772/6,020

704/6,088

 

   Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)

1.00 (ref)

0.80 (0.72–0.91)

0.74 (0.65–0.84)

0.81 (0.72–0.93)

0.76 (0.66–0.89)

< 0.001

   MV-adjusted OR (95% CI)7

1.00 (ref)

0.88 (0.77-1.00)

0.80 (0.70–0.92)

0.90 (0.77–1.03)

0.85 (0.73-1.00)

0.07

  1. Abbreviation: Q, quintile
  2. 1 P-trend was calculated by including the median value within each quintile of energy percent of macronutrient as a continuous term
  3. 2 Model adjusted for variables in the multivariable-model in Table 2 and additionally adjusted for total protein (quintiles, % energy)
  4. 3 Model adjusted for variables in the multivariable-model in Table 2 and additionally adjusted for total protein (quintiles, % energy) and plant fat (quintiles, % energy)
  5. 4 Model adjusted for variables in the multivariable-model in Table 2 and additionally adjusted for total protein (quintiles, % energy) and animal fat (quintiles, % energy)
  6. 5 Model adjusted for variables in the multivariable-model in Table 2 and additionally total fat (quintiles, % energy)
  7. 6 Model adjusted for variables in the multivariable-model in Table 2 and additionally total fat (quintiles, % energy) and plant protein (quintiles, % energy)
  8. 7 Model adjusted for variables in the multivariable-model in Table 2 and additionally total fat (quintiles, % energy) and animal protein (quintiles, % energy)
Back to article page

Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

Contact us