Table 4 Multivariable-adjusted¹ odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hyperuricemia according to the quintiles of low-carbohydrate diet score stratified by body mass index

Overall low-carbohydrate diet score

Body mass index, kg/m²

   < 23.5

845/13,215

1.00 (ref)

1.18 (0.90–1.53)

1.22 (0.92–1.60)

1.09 (0.83–1.43)

1.13 (0.84–1.52)

0.67

< 0.001

   ≥ 23.5

3,133/16,481

1.00 (ref)

1.24 (1.06–1.45)

1.25 (1.07–1.48)

1.18 (1.00-1.39)

1.53 (1.29–1.82)

< 0.001

Animal-rich low-carbohydrate diet score

Body mass index, kg/m²

   < 23.5

845/13,215

1.00 (ref)

0.96 (0.73–1.26)

0.95 (0.72–1.27)

1.19 (0.89–1.56)

1.08 (0.81–1.44)

0.28

< 0.001

   ≥ 23.5

3,133/16,481

1.00 (ref)

1.12 (0.96–1.30)

1.26 (1.07–1.47)

1.39 (1.19–1.63)

1.39 (1.19–1.63)

< 0.001

Plant-rich low-carbohydrate diet score

Body mass index, kg/m²

   < 23.5

845/13,215

1.00 (ref)

0.85 (0.66–1.11)

0.90 (0.68–1.19)

0.81 (0.62–1.05)

0.80 (0.60–1.08)

0.13

0.70

   ≥ 23.5

3,133/16,481

1.00 (ref)

1.03 (0.88–1.20)

0.99 (0.85–1.15)

1.11 (0.95–1.29)

1.09 (0.92–1.29)

0.18