Fig. 1

Differentially abundant taxa associated with baseline ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption. Multivariable association tested with generalized liner model adjusted for sex, age, education (primary, secondary, tertiary), recruiting center (Alicante, Barcelona, Reus, Valencia), smoking status (never, former, smoker), diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia prevalence, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, alcohol intake, fiber intake, NOVA Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 foods consumption. Values in x axe indicate UPF consumption in g/day, values in y axe indicate genera centered log-ratio relative abundance with Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P < 0.05