Effects of phototherapy combined with Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 on improving neonatal jaundice and gut microbiome health: a randomized double-blind clinical study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and primary outcomes

	AP-32 (N = 89)	CP-9 (N = 96)	Placebo (N = 92)	P-value
Gender (M/F)	46/43	41/55	51/41	0.198
BBW (g)	3069.96 ± 36.10	3087.29 ± 33.94	3097.54 ± 35.71	0.858
Delivery method (NSD/C/S)	65/24	76/20	77/15	0.214
Gestational age (weeks)	37.93 ± 0.12	37.99 ± 0.12	38.08 ± 0.12	0.702
Baseline serum bilirubin (mg/dL)	15.84 ± 0.25	16.08 ± 0.23	15.67 ± 0.23	0.466
Endpoint serum bilirubin (mg/dL)	11.00 ± 0.15	11.21 ± 0.14	10.99 ± 0.14	0.464
Duration of hospital stay (hours)	57.06 ± 2.05^*	62.34 ± 2.12	64.30 ± 2.51	0.066
Δ Jaundice index (mg/dL)	−4.84 ± 0.27	−4.88 ± 0.25	−4.68 ± 0.27	0.859

Abbreviations: BBW, Birth body weight; NSD, Normal spontaneous delivery; C/S, Cesarean section
^*Significant difference between placebo, P < 0.05
Δ Jaundice index = Endpoint serum bilirubin − Baseline serum bilirubin

ISSN: 1475-2891