Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by categories of total meat intake in the UK biobank cohort
Characteristics | Total meat intake (times/week) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 times/week | 0.1-3 times/week | 3.1–4.9 times/week | 5.0-6.9 times/week | ≥ 7 times/week | |
N | 9032 | 16,027 | 47,662 | 112,973 | 302,181 |
Age (year) | 53.24 ± 7.95a | 54.67 ± 8.06 | 56.41 ± 8.02 | 56.69 ± 8.01 | 56.70 ± 8.10 |
Male (%) | 33.26 | 29.74 | 36.47 | 40.07 | 49.65 |
Ethnicity (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
White | 79.71 | 89.08 | 94.23 | 95.30 | 95.00 |
Non-white | 19.62 | 10.41 | 5.45 | 4.39 | 4.67 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.69 ± 4.66 | 25.99 ± 4.78 | 26.65 ± 4.62 | 27.13 ± 4.67 | 27.76 ± 4.81 |
Townsend deprivation index | -0.68 ± 3.09 | -0.58 ± 3.24 | -1.13 ± 3.09 | -1.41 ± 3.01 | -1.43 ± 3.05 |
Physical activity (MET-h/wk) | 45.68 ± 43.84 | 44.22 ± 44.11 | 43.38 ± 43.82 | 43.31 ± 43.99 | 45.43 ± 47.81 |
Household income (£) (%)b |  |  |  |  |  |
< 18,000 | 18.46 | 23.84 | 21.51 | 19.32 | 18.22 |
18,000 to 30,999 | 19.84 | 20.76 | 22.14 | 21.86 | 21.65 |
31,000 to 51,999 | 23.85 | 21.43 | 21.43 | 22.22 | 22.55 |
52,000 to 100,000 | 19.03 | 15.52 | 16.11 | 17.14 | 17.89 |
> 100,000 | 3.94 | 3.43 | 3.81 | 4.40 | 4.99 |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
College or University degree | 49.21 | 41.44 | 34.76 | 32.02 | 31.39 |
Others | 48.68 | 56.78 | 63.55 | 66.30 | 66.85 |
Smoking (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Never | 63.82 | 57.14 | 55.84 | 55.80 | 54.11 |
Previous | 29.00 | 31.75 | 33.46 | 34.05 | 35.24 |
Current | 6.73 | 10.69 | 10.32 | 9.80 | 10.32 |
Alcohol drinking (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Never or special occasions only | 38.26 | 33.46 | 23.58 | 20.28 | 16.90 |
1 to 3 times/month | 11.66 | 13.51 | 13.16 | 12.09 | 10.41 |
1 or 2 times/week | 19.35 | 22.81 | 26.17 | 26.87 | 25.89 |
3 or 4 times/week | 17.09 | 16.58 | 20.16 | 21.97 | 24.73 |
Daily or almost daily | 13.46 | 13.52 | 16.86 | 18.73 | 22.01 |
Energy intake | 2014.46 ± 636.13 | 1941.56 ± 605.94 | 1965.79 ± 565.92 | 2005.59 ± 577.05 | 2111.53 ± 612.64 |
Unprocessed red meat (times/week) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.38 ± 0.52 | 1.26 ± 0.60 | 1.69 ± 0.77 | 2.56 ± 1.55 |
Processed meat (times/week) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.25 ± 0.35 | 0.58 ± 0.40 | 0.92 ± 0.78 | 1.94 ± 1.50 |
Unprocessed poultry (times/week) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.39 ± 0.40 | 0.81 ± 0.51 | 1.46 ± 0.99 | 2.41 ± 1.18 |
Oily fish (times/week) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.50 ± 0.41 | 0.71 ± 0.62 | 0.84 ± 0.72 | 1.35 ± 1.16 |
Non-oily fish (times/week) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.60 ± 0.38 | 0.76 ± 0.52 | 0.89 ± 0.60 | 1.38 ± 1.04 |