Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity

Nutrition Journal

Table 1 Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95%CIs) of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with different stages of CMM progression

Transitions	Serum 25(OH)D concentrations (nmol/L)				P value for trend	Natural log-transformed 25(OH)D^b
Transitions	< 25.0	25.0-49.9	50.0-74.9	≥ 75.0	P value for trend	Natural log-transformed 25(OH)D^b
Baseline → FCMD
Case/total	8715/51,318	23,954/165,381	17,668/134,519	5435/44,974		55,772/396,192
Multivariable-adjusted model^a	1.00 [Reference]	0.83 (0.81, 0.85)	0.73 (0.71, 0.75)	0.70 (0.67, 0.72)	< 0.001	0.77 (0.75, 0.78)
FCMD → CMM
Case/total	1372/8715	3306/23,954	2288/17,668	614/5435		7580/55,772
Multivariable-adjusted model^a	1.00 [Reference]	0.86 (0.80, 0.92)	0.82 (0.76, 0.89)	0.74 (0.67, 0.82)	< 0.001	0.83 (0.79, 0.88)
Baseline → Death
Case/total	2774/51,318	7457/165,381	5769/134,519	2037/44,974		18,037/396,192
Multivariable-adjusted model^a	1.00 [Reference]	0.75 (0.71, 0.78)	0.64 (0.61, 0.67)	0.66 (0.62, 0.70)	< 0.001	0.73 (0.70, 0.75)
FCMD → Death
Case/total	1415/8715	3618/23,954	2667/17,668	896/5435		8596/55,772
Multivariable-adjusted model^a	1.00 [Reference]	0.86 (0.81, 0.92)	0.81 (0.75, 0.87)	0.84 (0.77, 0.92)	< 0.001	0.85 (0.81, 0.90)
CMM → Death
Case/total	391/1372	816/3306	605/2288	179/614		1991/7580
Multivariable-adjusted model^a	1.00 [Reference]	0.80 (0.71, 0.91)	0.80 (0.69, 0.92)	0.85 (0.70, 1.03)	0.055	0.84 (0.76, 0.93)

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; FCMD, first cardiometabolic disease; CMM, cardiometabolic multimorbidity
^a Multivariable-adjusted models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, season of blood collection, Townsend Deprivation Index (TDI), education, smoking status, drinking status, healthy diet, vitamin/mineral supplement use, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and time spent outdoors during the summer
^b HR indicates the risk for per unit increment of log-transformed serum 25(OH)D

ISSN: 1475-2891