Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

1

Patients with sepsis who are admitted to the ICU

2

Aged 18 to 80 years old.

3

Filling the written informed consent before the intervention

4

Being able to tolerate enteral nutrition and having a normal digestive function

5

Patients with GCS levels lower than 13

Exclusion criteria

1

Dissatisfaction of the patient or his legal guardian

2

Patients who stay in the ICU for < 48 h

3

Patients receiving parenteral nutrition or transferring to parenteral nutrition due to contraindications

4

Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

5

Patients suffering from pancreatitis, kidney failure, and congenital or immune disorders

6

Patients taking phenobarbital, levetiracetam, and phenytoin

7

Dialysis patients, patients with severe septic shock or sepsis, and DIC (diffuse intravascular coagulation)

8

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

9

Patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m²

10

Patients who need blood transfusions frequently

11

Unwanted side effects associated with taking supplements or placebos

12

ICU patients who are expected to die within 2 days of admission.

13

Patients who take other herbal supplements

14

Patients with a spice or herbal supplement allergy

15

Patients with GCS levels greater than 13

16

Patients who passed away during the trial